• 翻译 (fānyì) - translate
  • https://translate.yandex.com
  • https://fanyi.youdao.com/
• Палладий транскрипция https://palladius.ru/

翻译 - fānyì - переводчик

• 翻 fān - flip over, upset, capsize
  • 番 - fān - to take turns; a turn, a time.
    • 釆 biàn - distinguish
    • 田 tián - field, arable land, cultivated
  • 羽 - yǔ - перо
• 译 Yì - to translate, to interpret
  • 讠yán speech
  • 夅 jiàng - to descend; to come down from heaven. to send down
    • 夂 zhǐ go; 㐄 kuà

• 在线即时翻译 (Zàixiàn jíshí fānyì) - Online instant translation
• 线 xiàn - line, wire
• 即 jí - right now, immediately
• 时 - time, tense

• 字典 (zìdiǎn) dictionary - lit. character code
  • китайско-русский словарь https://bkrs.info/
  • en https://www.purpleculture.net/dictionary-details/?word=%E8%81%BF
  • zh https://www.zdic.net/hans/%E8%81%BF 漢典 (Hàndiǎn) Han Code
  • https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%81%BF
  • https://dict.youdao.com/search?q=%E5%BE%97
  • https://www.wordreference.com/zhen/%E5%BE%97
  • en to zh https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english-chinese-traditional/
  • for Android: https://www.pleco.com/
• sentences https://www.iciba.com/word?w=%E5%BE%97
• иероглифы
  • split https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/
  • explain https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%81%BF#Chinese , https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%81%BF#Translingual
  • radicals https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Chinese_radical
  • pinyin dictionary https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Mandarin_Pinyin/Table_of_General_Standard_Chinese_Characters
  • Jpanese 漢字 Kanji(jp) "Han characters" 汉字 hànzì(ch) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ky%C5%8Diku_kanji

At Wiktionary.org, the "†" character, also known as the dagger symbol, is used to indicate that a term or entry is obsolete, archaic, or no longer in use. It is often used to mark words or phrases that were once part of a language but have since fallen out of common usage or are no longer recognized as standard terms.

best learn videos

• https://www.youtube.com/c/EverydayChinese/videos
• https://www.learn-chinese.com/ -> Courses

materials

• https://www.mandarinblueprint.com/blog/is-chinese-hard-to-learn/
• course https://www.echineselearning.com/blog
• mandarin https://www.chinese-lessons.com/mandarin/
• cantonese https://www.chinese-lessons.com/cantonese/
• grammar https://www.chineseboost.com/dengji/b1/

• Chinese Software Developer Network http://csdn.net/
• Chinese github https://gitee.com/

used to decode system messages and key codes from a keyboard

M-x set-language-environment

works globally, to make it local:

eval: (progn (make-local-variable 'current-language-environment) (set-language-environment "Chinese-GB"))

chinese-py-punct - is a combination of the input methods chinese-py and chinese-punct (v key)

• per file:
  • ;-- default-input-method: chinese-py-punct --
• set input method: C-x enter C-\ or M-x set-input-method
• chinese-py - basic pinyin input system. for more info: M-x describe-input-method chinese-py
  • C-\ to switch
• chinese-punct uses:
  • , for ， 、(Enumeration comma)
  • . for 。・(separate characters in non-Han personal names)
  • </> for 《/》〈/〉 - for titles
  • - for ～ - numerical ranges, repeated characters and stress (I never used)
  • " for “ ”
  • (/) for traditional Chinese quotation marks 「/」『/』

latin-2-prefix - input the diacritical marks:

• 'a -> á, `a -> à, ~a -> ă, "a -> ä

chinese-sisheng - input method for the diacritical marks to pinyin:

• shuang1 -> shuāng
• Lv3 -> Lǚ
• AN4 -> ÀN
• nve5 -> nüe

chinese-tonepy - input method for the diacritical marks to hieroglyphs:

-*- default-input-method: chinese-py-punct -*-

if you want to mostly type simplified then learn Wubi. If you want to mostly type traditional then then learn Cangjie or Dayi

• c and ch
• s and sh
• z and zh
• n and ng
• h or hu and f
• n and l

conv

1. ch* concat with c… and ch = c
2. sh* concat s… and sh = s
3. zh = z*
4. ng* = n*
5. ang* = an*
6. ing* = in*

advanced

1. l = n
2. r = l
3. ian = iang
4. k = g
5. uan =
6. hu* = h* = f*

倉頡輸入法， 仓颉输入法

Hong Kong and Macau

Invented in 1976 by Chu Bong-Foo (朱邦復, pinyin: Zhū Bāngfù), the method is named after Cangjie, the man historically attributed with the invention of the first writing system of China.

few in Hong Kong and Macau

1. top left-hand corner
2. top right-hand corner
3. bottom left-hand corner
4. bottom right-hand corner

Wide:

• 桌面 ZhuōMiàn - desktop %of something% - Чжо Мянь

Short:

• 桌面 ZhuōMiàn - desktop

Long:

• 母狗是骗子 Mǔgǒu shì piànzi (bitch is a liar)

Compact:

• 桌面 (ZhuōMiàn): desktop

literally meaning

• 桌面 ZhuōMiàn - desktop. [table surface]

https://emacs-jp.github.io/ http://emacs-china.github.io/

People's Republic of China (PRC)

• 中华人民共和国 (Chinese)
• Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó (Pinyin)
• 中华 Chinese
  • 中 Zhōng - middle, in
  • 华 Huá magnificent
• 人民 rénmín - people (man civil)
• 共和 Gònghé - republic
  • 共 gòng - common
  • 和 hé - and, together, harmonious
• 中国 - Zhōngguó - China country
• 中華 - Zhōnghuá - China (华 is simp.)
• 支那 Zhīnà - China, obsolete and considered offensive due to historical Japanese usage

Англия — 英国 [yīngguó] - героическая страна

Франция — 法国 [fǎguó] - законная страна

russia

• 俄国/俄國 - Éguó - russia - олóсы
• 俄语/俄文 - Èyǔ/Èwén - russian language
• 俄罗斯联邦 - Èluósī liánbāng - The Russian Federation
  • 俄羅斯/俄罗斯 - Èluósī - Russia
  • 联邦 - liánbāng - Federal

Ukrain — 乌克兰 (wūkèlán) - укалáн

japan

• 日语 Rìyǔ, 日本語 - RìběnYǔ - Nihonjin(jp) - Японский язык
• 日本 - Rìběn - Nihon(jp), 日本国 Nihonkoku(jp) - япония

USA

• 美国 - Měi guó - United States (beautiful/good/pretty country)
• 英语 - Yīng yǔ - English - Ин Юй (Britain/flower/hero/brave speech)

Taiwan - 台湾 (Táiwān) - tower bay

Mainland China - 中国大陆 - Zhōnggúo Dàlù - Continental China

• Xiānggǎng - 香港 - Hong Kong [hœ́ːŋ.kɔ̌ːŋ] (7,333,200)
• Àomén - 澳門 - Macau (məˈkaʊ) [ōu.mǔːn] (680,000)
• Zhōnghuá mínguó - 中華民國 - Taiwan

Special Administrative Regions (特别行政区):

• Xiānggǎng - 香港 - Hong Kong [hœ́ːŋ.kɔ̌ːŋ]
• Àomén - 澳門 - Macau (english:/məˈkaʊ/) Cantonese:[ōu.mǔːn] - самый густонаселённый регион в мире. обладает значительной автономией

Zhōnghuá mínguó - 中華民國 - Taiwan

biggest cities:

• 上海 Shànghǎi - Shanghai (on sea) - (ʃæŋˈhaɪ) - East China - Шан Хай (26,875,500)
• 北京 市 Běijīng shì - Peking city "Northern Capital", Пекин, capital - Бэй Цзин (21,167,303) - Mandarin pronunciation: [pèɪ.tɕíŋ]
  • 首都 Shǒudū - capital
• 广州/廣州 Guǎngzhōu - Guangzhou (广东省 Guǎngdōng shěng Guangdong province) - southern China - (18,810,600)
• 深圳 Shēnzhèn - Shenzhen (Guangdong province) - southern China - (15,025,554)
• 成都 Chéngdū - Chengdu (四川省 Sìchuān Shěng Sichuan privince) - Southwest or central China (15,025,554)

伊斯兰国 (Yīsīlán guó) - Islamic State

• 语 Yǔ - language spoken (often), communication; language, speech, dialect; spoken (吾 I, my, expressive (五 five + 口 mouth))
• 文 Wén - language / culture / writing / занк иероглиф; orig. man with tattoo
• 话 Huà - language spoken (rare); speech; active/dynamic/verbal language; to talk; saying, speech; lit. 讠tongue movement + tangue
• 言 Yán - word; lit. tongue movement
• 说 Shuō - spoken; talking; to say; lit. 讠word + 兑 exchange
• 原生 Yuánshēng - Native, native speaking/people of language

Chinese language

• 中文 (Zhōng wén) - Chinese language
  • 中 Zhōng - China / Chinese / within / among / in / middle / center
• 中国话 (Zhōngguó huà) - Chinese language (official)
• 语言 - yǔyán - spoken language [speach say/word]
• 汉语 - HànYǔ - Chinese language
• 汉字 - Hànzì - китайский иероглиф
• 汉化过了 - Hànhuàguòle - Chineseized
  • 化过 - Huàguò - transformed, become
• 简体中文 (Jiǎn tǐ Zhōng wén) - Simplified Chinese - zh-Hans( zh-CN)
  • 简 - jiǎn - simple, short for Simplified Chinese - Цзянь
  • 体 - tǐ - body - Ти
  • 文 - wén - занк иероглиф
• 中文（繁体）- Fántǐ - традиционный
• 中文（简体）- jiǎn tǐ - simplified (see 4.5)
• Mandarin Chinese, Traditional Script: zh-Hant or zh-Hant-TW (Taiwan) is preferred zh-TW
• Pinyin (Mandarin): zh-Latn-pinyin
• Cantonese (Hong Kong): zh-yue or zh-HK

struct. {Topic - Subject - Verb - Object}

• the subject preceds the predicate (verb)
• a modifier (ajd,adv) preceds the word it modifies
• the verb precedes its objects

When do we not express the subject?

• when it is understood from the context
• when it is undefinite
• when it is impersonal (environment or world in general)

现代标准汉语 Xiàndài biāozhǔn hànyǔ - modern standard Mandaring-Chinese (Chinese speech)

國語; 国语 Guóyǔ - "national language"

漢語; 汉语 Hànyǔ - "Sinitic languages" refer to all language varieties of the Han people.

中文 Zhōngwén - "Chinese written language", refers to all written languages of Chinese (Sinitic).

简体字 - jiǎn tǐ zì - Simplified Chinese

• 简 - простой
• 体 - тело, организм
• 字 - иероглиф - zì , 子(zǐ)

繁體 Fántǐ - traditional (numerous/complicated body)

wiki:

• 大陆简体 - Simplified Chinese in mainland China (zh-cn)
• 香港繁體 - Traditional Chinese in Hong Kong (zh-hk)
• 澳門繁體 - Traditional Chinese in Macau (zh-mo)
• 大马简体 - Simplified Chinese in Malaysia (zh-my)
• 新加坡简体 - Simplified Chinese in Singapore (zh-sg)
• 臺灣正體 - Traditional Chinese in Taiwan (zh-tw)

Sinitic languages - often synonymous with "Chinese languages", Branches (dialects):

• Mandarin 官话 (Guān huà) - officials/bureaucrats speech
• Chongqing dialect - 重庆话 (Chóngqìng huà) - around 90 million speakers. Chongqing Municipality and Sichuan.
  • unique pronunciation and tone system
  • words from ancient Ba-Shu Chinese, as well as words brought by immigrants during the Ming and Qing Dynasties and words from Standard Mandarin and English.
• Wu (including Shanghainese) 吴语/吳語 Wúyǔ Shanghai primary, Zhejiang Province
• Yue (Cantonese) 粤语 Yuèyǔ, 广东话 (Guǎngdōng huà) - (Guangdong area) spread in Hong Kong and Macau, Guangdong, Guangxi. 80 million native speakers.
• Min 閩語/闽语 Mǐnyǔ. Spread in Fujian, Taiwan, and parts of Guangdong and Hainan.
• Hakka
• Jin - (north of chinese) 晋语 Jìnyǔ, 晋方言 Jìn fāngyán
• Pinghua 平话 Pínghuà (plain language)
• Gan 赣语 Gàn yǔ - Gan River 赣江 Gàn Jiāng area
• Suzhou 苏州话 Sūzhōuhuà - variety of Wu Chinese, city of Suzhou in Jiangsu Province

Mandarin Chinese ˈmændərɪn - Dialect group Mandarin (65.7%)

• 普通话 (普通話; Pǔtōnghuà; 'common speech') in the People's Republic of China, as well as Hong Kong and Macau;

大陆简体 - Dàlù jiǎntǐ - Mainland Simplified

Cantonese 廣東話/广东话 Guǎngdōng huà - Official language in Hong Kong and Macau

汉语拼音 - hànyǔ pīnyīn - Пиньи́нь

• 汉语 - hànyǔ - literally means "Han language"
• 拼 - pīn - spell - Пинь
• 音 - Yīn - sound ("spelled sounds") - Инь
• hànyǔ - literally means "Han language" (i.e. Chinese language)
• Diacritic - tone symbols

Палладий

• https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F
• https://palladius.ru/

Gwoyeu Romatzyh -

Wade-Giles -

Yale

注音符號 (Bopomofo or Zhuyin) zhùyīn fúhào - Mandarin Phonetic Symbols

• ex: ㄧㄣˋ, ㄅㄆㄇㄈ

Cantonese Pinyin. Used in Hong Kong.

• 常用字廣州話讀音表:拼音方案, also known as 教院式拼音方案
• Cantonese pronunciation table of commonly used words: Pinyin scheme
• 广东话 gwong2 dung1 waa2
• nine tones in six distinct tone contours.

I am Chinese - 我是中国人 - wǒ shì zhōng guó rén

I am Russian - 我是俄罗斯人 - Wǒ shì èluósī rén

To detect language - 检测语言 - Jiǎncè yǔyán

• 检测 - test (check measurement)
• 语言 - language

1. mā high level 'mother' - что-то высокое, на поверхности
2. má high rising 'hemp' конопля
3. mǎ low falling-rising 'horse' - что-то большое, вытянутое, требующее уважение
4. mà high falling 'scold' ругать-бранить - что-то простое но серьезное или малозначимое
5. ma neutral question particle

Colors:

1. Red - mā
2. Yellow - má
3. Green - mǎ, nǚ
4. Blue - mà
5. Gray - ma

     1st tone
5  ----------->  /-> \
              /--     \ /
4 2nd tone /--         X
       /--            / \
3  --                /   \4th tone
      /             /     \
2  --      \      -/       \
            \-   /          \
1   3th tone  \ /
               /

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_language#Tones

Six Simple Finals/Vowels: a, o, e, i, u, ü

-i

-ы; -и

ie

e

yi; -i

и

wu; -u

у

yu; -ü

юй

e

э

ye; -ie

е

wo; -uo/-o

во; -о

yue; -üe

юэ

a

а

ya; -ia

я

wa; -ua

ва; -уа

ei

эй

wei; -ui

вэй; -уй, -уэй

ai

ай

wai; -uai

вай; -уай

ou

оу

you; -iu

ю

ao

ао

yao; -iao

яо

en

энь

yin; -in

инь

wen; -un

вэнь; унь

yun; -ün

юнь

an

ань

yan; -ian

янь

wan; -uan

вань; -уань

yuan; -üan

юань

-ong

-ун

yong; -iong

юн

eng

эн

ying; -ing

ин

weng

вэн

ang

ан

yang; -iang

ян

wang; -uang

ван; -уан

• z - цз
• zh - чж
• j - цз(ь)
• q - ц/т(ь)
• x - с(ь)
• r - ж
• w - в/y
• y - я/ю/е
• yu; -ü; -ǚ - юй
• ye; -ie - е
• -ong - -ун
• yuan; -üan - юань
• ng - н

• A 诶 (Éi)
• B 必 (Bì) - to must; necessarily
• C 随 (Suí) - to follow
• D 地 (De) - land
• E 亿 (Yì) - 100 million
• F 哎付 (Āi fù) - hay! to pay, fee.
• G 计 (Jì) - to count; meter
• H 哎曲 (Āi qū) - hay! song/melody.
• I 爱 (Ài) - to love
• J 戒 (Jiè) - to quit
• K 尅 (Kè) - grams
• L 哎偶 (Āi ǒu) - hay! even
• M 哎母 (Āi mǔ) - oh mother
• N 恩 (Ēn) - kindness, grace; conjugal
• O 欧 (Ōu) - Europe
• P 批 (Pī) - batch, lot
• Q 可优 (Kě yōu) - Can excellent
• R 啊尔 (A ěr) - ah thou
• S 哎死 (Āi sǐ) - hay! die.
• T 踢 (Tī) - to kick; kicking
• U 优 (Yōu) - excellent
• V 微 (Wēi) - micro-
• W 答不留 (Dā bù liú) - answer not keep
• X 爱克斯 (Àikèsī) - love gram such
• Y 外 (Wài) - outside
• Z 贼 (Zéi) - thief, traitor

• 诶 A ēi
• 比 B bǐ
• 西 C xī
• 迪 D dí
• 伊 E yī
• 艾弗 F ài fú
• 吉 G jí
• 艾尺 H ài chǐ
• 艾 I ài
• 杰 J jié
• 开 K kāi
• 艾勒 L ài lè
• 艾马 M ài mǎ
• 艾娜 N ài nà
• 哦 O ó
• 屁 P pì
• 吉吾 Q jí wú
• 艾儿 R ài ér
• 艾丝 S ài sī
• 提 T tí
• 伊吾 U yī wú
• 维 V wéi
• 豆贝尔维 W dòu bèi ěr wéi
• 艾克斯 X yī kè sī
• 吾艾 Y wú ài
• 贼德 Z zéi dé

• Aα - alpha - ˈal.fa - 阿尔法 (Ā'ěrfǎ) - A thou law
• Bβ - beta - [bē̂ta] - 贝塔 (Bèitǎ) - cowry tower
• Γγ - gamma - [gámma] - 伽马 (Jiā mǎ) - Ga horse
• Δδ - delta - [ˈðelta] - 德尔塔 (Dé'ěr tǎ) - virtue thou tower
• Εε - epsilon - ˈe.psi.lon - 伊普西龙 (Yī pǔ xī lóng) - this/he/she common cover/west dragon
• Ζζ - zeta - [zdɛ̌ːta] - 截塔 (Jié tǎ) - cut tower
• Ηη - eta - [ɛ̂ːta] - 艾塔 (Ài tǎ) - Ai tower
• Θθ - thet - [tʰɛ̂ːta] - 西塔 (Xītǎ) - cover/west tower
• Ιι - iot - ióta - 约塔 (Yuē tǎ) - approximately tower
• Κκ - kappa - [káppa] - 卡帕 (Kǎ pà) - to stuck pa
• Λλ - lambda - [laːbdaː] - 兰布达 (Lán bù dá) - orchid(орхидея) cloth to reach
• Μμ - mu - [mŷː] - 缪 (Móu)
• Νν - nu - ˈnjuː - 纽 (Niǔ) - button/handle
• Ξξ - xi - ksi - 克西 (Kè xī) - gram cover/west
• Οο - omicron - ˈomikron - 奥密克戎 (Ào Mì Kè Róng) - profound confidential gram weapon
• Ππ - pi - piː - 派 (Pài) - group
• Ρρ - rho - ɾo - 肉 (ròu) - meat
• Σσ/ς(Cc) - sigma - ˈsiɣma - 西格马 (Xī gé mǎ) - cover/west grid horse
• Ττ - tau - taf - 套 (Tào) - jacket/sleeve/set of (大big镸long hair)
• Υυ - upsilon - [ˈipsilon] - 宇普西龙 (Yǔ pǔ xī lóng) - world general West/bag dragon
• Φφ - phi - [fi] - 佛爱
• Χχ - chi - çi - 西
• Ψψ - psi - ˈpsi - 普西
• Ωω - omega - oˈme.ɣa - 欧米伽

• А 阿 ā
• Б 贝 bèi
• В 非 fēi
• Г 给 gěi
• Д 得 děi
• Е 也 yě
• Ё 用 yòng
• Ж 热 rè
• З 赛 sài
• И 伊 yī
• Й 伊可罗肯 yīkěluókěn
• К 卡 kǎ
• Л 艾了 àile
• М 艾姆 àimǔ
• Н 恩 ēn
• О 哦 ò
• П 佩 pèi
• Р 艾和 àihé
• С 艾斯 àisī
• Т 泰 tài
• У 吴 wú
• Ф 艾弗 àifú
• Х 哈 hā
• Ц 册 cè
• Ч 切 qiē
• Ш 沙 shā
• Щ 夏 xià
• Ъ 图路迪斯尼亚克 túlùdísīníyàkè
• Ы 俄 é
• Ь 灭斯迪斯尼亚克 mièsīdísīníyàkè
• Э 诶 ēi
• Ю 哟 yō
• Я 亚 yà

• Дима - 季马 (Jìmǎ) - season horse

• Tencent - 腾讯 (Téngxùn,) - float/gallop/горцевать news/information
• Alibaba - 阿里巴巴 (Ālǐ bābā) - eldest village wish snake
• Samsung
• Meicai
• PindAn Health
• Byte-dance
• Pinduoduo

• Amazon - 亚马逊 (Yàmǎxùn) - asia horse modest
• TSMC - 台積電 (Táijīdiàn) - tower accumulate electricity
• Obama (USA president) - 奥巴马 (Àobāmǎ) -
• Apple - 苹果 (Píngguǒ) - apple fruit
• Huawai - 华为 (Huáwéi) [Hua for]

иероглифы делятся на простые - вэнь 文 и составные цзы 字

• из внешнего вида иероглифа нельзя в большинстве случаев ничего узнать о его чтении
• Иероглиф пишется сверху вних
• Точка справа пишется в последнюю очередь
• вертикаль, пересекающая горизонтали, пишется после них
• нижняя горизонталь непересекающая, пишется последней
• Лигатуры - объединённое в один иероглиф благожелательное словосочетание
• каллиграфия - придание изящной формы

Один и тот же иероглиф может использоваться как существительное, прилагательное, предлог в различных контекстах и словообразующих сочетаниях

• 爱好 - àihǎo - хобби
• 好冷 - (Hǎo lěng) - как, холодно!

нет иероглифа, который читается более, чем в один слог.

汉字部件

• (Hànzì bùjiàn)
• Chinese character parts

Monosyllabic - Consisting of one syllable. a word or utterance of only one syllable (unit of organization). Monosyllabic language. Old Chinese is monosyllabic.

• Mandarin Chinese is not monosyllabic - most meaning words are compounds of two or more characters;

from top to bottom, right-to-left: the first column being on the right side of the page.

The government mandated left-to-right writing in 1955, although the vertical format is still used for effect or where space requires it, such as signs or on spines of books.

principle: writing characters should be economical, with the fewest hand movements to write the most strokes possible rules:

1. Write from top to bottom, and left to right.
2. Horizontal before vertical
3. Character-spanning strokes last
   • Vertical strokes that pass through many other strokes are written after the strokes through which they pass 聿 and 弗.
   • Horizontal strokes that pass through many other strokes are written last 毋 and 舟
4. Diagonals right-to-left before diagonals left-to-right 又, 文
5. Center before outside in vertically symmetrical characters 水, 兜, 承.
6. Enclosures before contents
   • bottom strokes in the enclosure are written last if present, as in 日 and 口 ("Put people inside first, then close the door.")
7. Left vertical before enclosing 日 and 口

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroke_order

• 4% Xiàngxíng 象形 - Pictogram - simple ideograms
• 13% Compound ideographs - also called associative compounds or logical aggregates
  • 明; míng; 'bright'
  • 休; 'rest'
• Rebus (phonetic loan) characters - by sound
• Phono-semantic compound characters
  • 90% of Chinese characters by combining two components:
    • phonetic component
    • semantic component, also called a determinative - In most cases this is also the radical
• Derivative cognates - smallest

s

1. pictogram (山 for 'mountain')
2. ideograms 1. visualize abstract concepts 2. pictograms with an ideographic indicator
   • 上 'up' and 下 'down'. 刀 'knife', 刃 'blade'.
3. Radical–radical compounds - each radical of character hints at the meaning.
   • 13% of characters in this category
   • 休 'rest' - 'person' (人), 'tree' (木)
   • 明; míng; 'bright'
4. Rebus (phonetic loan) characters - unrelated word with similar or identical pronunciation
   • 自 zì - 'oneself' - lost its original meaning of 'nose'
   • 萬 wàn - 'ten thousand', original 'scorpion'
5. Radical–phonetic compounds 90% - one radical for meaning and other for phonetic hint
   • 樑 (liáng) supporting beam - 梁 liáng, radical 木 ('wood')
6. Changed-annotation characters -
   • 樂 / 乐 can mean both 'music' (yuè) and 'pleasure' (lè).

7. Improvisational characters - when a native spoken word has no corresponding character

   • 自 used to be a pictographic word meaning 'nose', but was borrowed to mean

   'self'.

Due to the long period of language evolution, such component "hints" within characters as provided by the radical-phonetic compounds are sometimes useless and may be misleading in modern usage.

• 每 měi 'each'
• 侮 'to humiliate', 悔 'to regret', and 海 'sea', pronounced respectively wǔ, huǐ, and hǎi

六書 (Liù shū) - six books

Simple indicatives (zhǐshì 指事)

"A is B … (is) simple indicative" (A B 也…指事 (也)), where B is a definition for the character A.

(no term)

Pictograms (xiàngxíng 象形) are similarly labelled with the formula "A is B … (is) pictograph" (A B 也…象形 (也)).

Phono-semantic compounds (xíngshēng 形聲)

are implicitly defined by the formula "A … from B, [with] C sound" (A…從 B, C 聲), meaning that element B plays a semantic role in A, while C has a similar pronunciation.[10] In his 10th-century edition, Xu Xuan removed the phonetic marker 聲 in cases where the pronunciations were no longer similar.

Compound indicatives (huìyì 會意)

are rarely labelled directly, but more commonly identified by the formula "A … from X from Y" (A … 從 X 從 Y), indicating that character A is obtained through the graphical juxtaposition of X and Y.

Loangraphs (jiǎjiè 假借)

are not new characters, but rather new uses of existing characters, and are never labelled in the dictionary.

No derived characters (zhuǎnzhù 轉注)

are identified by their definitions in the Shuowen.

• 标点 biāodiǎn - punctuation (mark point)
• 符号 fúhào - symbol (符 symbol ; 号 number, mark)

pause:

• (。) - 句号 jùhào - Period(Full stop). lit. 'Sentence Mark'
  • 句 - sentence
  • 号 - mark.
  • ancient alternative: 兮 Xī
  • (。) - in Mainland China it is placed in the bottom left in horizontal writing.
  • (︒) - used in vertical writing.
• (，) 逗号 DòuHào - comma, cannot be used for lists.
• (、) 頓号 dùnhào, 頓 - pause. Enumeration comma or "dun comma". lit. 'pause mark'.
  • A、B及C (及 Jí and)
• (‧) 间隔号 Jiàn Gé Hào - Middle dot, separate characters in non-Han personal names
  • "Leonardo da Vinci" - 李奧納多‧達‧文西
• (《…》, 〈…〉, ﹏﹏﹏ ) 书名号 Shū Míng Hào - titles of books, films, and so on
  • ﹏﹏﹏ - Taiwan
  • 【 】 and 「 」 - used de facto in a manner akin to Korean and Japanese;
• quotation marks (“ '…' ”) 引号 Yĭn Hào
  • 小王说，“我不想去”. Little Wang said, “I don’t want to go”
  • 「…『…』…」 - traditional chinese
• (?) 问号 Wènhào - question mark
• (!) 感叹号 Gǎntànhào - exclamation mark

Others (其他 Qítā ти ха):

• Ellipsis ( …… ) - …
• Two-em dash ( —— ) - 破折號; pinyin: pòzhéhào; lit. 'Break/Fold Mark'
• En dash ( — ) 到 e.g. 1月—7月 "January to July"
• Wave dash ( ～ ) - 浪纹 làng wén.
  • 5～20個字 "5 to 20 words"
  • repeated letters (e.g. 哇～～ "waaah")
  • to indicate stress: e.g. 要～～ "I want it!"
• Táitóu 抬頭 - space
  • honorific marker - для уважения: The Late President (space) Honorable Chiang
• (；) 分号 Fēn Hào - The semicolon is frequently used to demarcate parallel structures in a paragraph.
• Death-indication mark 示亡号 shìwánghào - a black border around the person's name
• (:) 冒号 Mào Hào – The Colon
• (()) 括号 Kuò Hào – Parentheses

Cursive script 草书 (Cǎoshū) rough letter/book/to_write

• or grass script - cursive variants of the clerical script 隶书 (Lìshū) (characterized by its rectilinearity) and the regular script 楷书 (Kǎishū) lit. model script.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuowen_Jiezi

我明年想去中国

• (Wǒ míngnián xiǎng qù zhōngguó)
• I want to go to China next year.
• I next year want go China.

Three things I wish I had known as a beginner student:

1. Start listening to and reading Chinese outside your textbook as soon as you can.
   • your proficiency is often more determined by how well you know the things you know, rather than by how much you know.
   • you don’t get exposed to the vocabulary and grammar you do learn
2. Interact with real people earlier
   • some debate about whether you should focus mostly on the spoken language before you start with reading and writing
   • Real communication is enlightening and motivating

3. Make sure you learn pronunciation properly

   • fixing bad pronunciation is harder than learning good pronunciation from scratch
   • learn the tones, initials and finals
   • After 2 years I understand that to really attain clear pronunciation, I

   needed to look outside the classroom.

For introvert:

• Use writing as a stepping stone: chat, reading/listening -> writing -> speaking
• Be okay with listening and reading a lot – There’s nothing wrong with delaying speaking and focusing on passive skills for a period.
• Listen as much as you can – To prepare yourself to speak with confidence, spending as much time as possible on listening does help
• Speak in a controlled environment

source: www.hackingchinese.com

漢字 Kanji(jp) "Han characters" - the logographic Chinese characters taken from the Chinese script used in the writing of Japanese.

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ky%C5%8Diku_kanji

ancient Chinese dictionary from the Han dynasty

• composed by Xu Shen c. 100 CE - Xu was analyzing seal script characters.

Character entry consists of:

• The seal script form of the character
• A short definition, usually consisting of a single synonym—occasionally through a shengxun pun, as seen in the Shiming, and
• The character's pronunciation, indicated by a homophone
• In the case of compound graphs, analysis of the character's structure in terms of semantic or phonetic components.

Work draws a basic distinction between:

• wén 文, characters consisting of a single graphic element (such as the character 文 itself)
• zì 字, characters composed from multiple elements (such as 字 itself, composed of 宀 and 子).

https://www.cwbook.cn/plus/view.php?aid=2

the international standard reference for Chinese characters

New China (or Chinese) Character Dictionary

world's most popular reference work

新华字典 Xīnhuá zìdiǎn - Xinhua Dictionary

• 新 Xīn - new
• 华 Huá - magnificent, China
• 字典 zìdiǎn - dictionary
  • 字 zì - character
  • 典 diǎn - canon

现代汉语词典 Xiàndài hànyǔ cídiǎn modern Chinese dictionary

• 现代 Xiàndài - modern
  • 现 Xiàn - current, existing, cash, appear
  • 代 Dài - generation, substitute, replace
• 汉语 hànyǔ - Chinese
  • 汉 hàn - noun. Chinese, Han, man, fellow
  • 语 Yǔ - language, speach, spoken, tell
• 词典 cídiǎn - dictionary
  • 词 Cí - noun. word, term, speech, statement
  • 典 diǎn - canon

links https://mdx.mdict.org/%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8pdf/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%A8%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8.pdf

• 艸 grass
• 水 water
• 木 tree
• 手 hand
• 口 mouth
• 心 heart, mind, intention, core
• 虫 insect
• 竹 bamboo - бамбук
• 言 speech
• 糸 silk

• Chinese(simplified)(zh-Hans)
• Chinese(traditional)(zh-Hant)
• Chinese(traditional,Hong Kong)(zh-Hant-HK)
• Japanese(ja)
• Korean(ko)
• Vietnamese(vi-Hani)

• 夭 Yāo
  • to die young, to die prematurely
  • to be aggrieved
  • to devastate
  • disaster
• 委 wěi - to entrust, to cast aside, to gather; indirect (禾 grain/cereal + 女 woman)
• 𠃊 is an ancient form of 隱 yìn “to hide; to cover; to shield; to conceal; to cover up; etc.”
  • 亾, 兦、

• 夂 zhǐ - go ; 攴(攵) suī - rap, tap
• 找 (zhǎo) - to look for, to seek. 我 – wǒ – я - I, 钱 qián money, 裁 Cái - to cut off
• 来 Lái - come, 釆 biàn (бянь) - разделять, различать, выбирать, сортировать
• 未 Wèi - not yet, 8-th earthly b.; 末 Mò - the end, last ; 本 Běn - book, this, origin; 夫 (fū) husband
• 见 jiàn - to see, 贝 bèi (бэй) - раковина; money, currency
• 疋 pǐ - рулон ткани, 正 Zhèng - just, positive, 𤴓 - 疋+0 or beauty 正?
• 牛 (牜‚⺧) niú (ню) - вол, корова; 午 Wǔ - noon, 7-th earthly branch
• 廴 yǐn - long stride ; 辵 (辶,⻌,⻍) chuò / zouzhi (чо, цзоучжи) - гулять, быстро идти
• 天 Tiān - sky, day, God, overhead, небо ; 禾 hé (хэ)(丿木) - зерно, злак; хлеб на корню
• 不 Bù not, no, не ; 木 mù (十人) tree, wood, simple
• 木(朩) mù - tree, wood ; 小(⺌、⺍) xiǎo - small
• ⺼ ròu (жоу) мясо; 月(⺝) yuè (⺆一一) moon
• 礻- 示 shì (ши) указывать, демонстрировать; предки . 衤- 衣 yī одежда
• 风 - fēng (фэн) - wind .; 网(冈) wǎng (ван) сеть
• 禾 hé зерно, злак, хлеб на корню; 犬夭 quǎn, Yāo- a dog or disaster, die young
• 乐 Lè - happy; music, fun, laugh; 东 Dōng - east; host; eastern; cursive version of 東
• 右 Yòu - right; lit. 口 "speak" + 又 "right hand" - 石 shí - stone
• 奂 huàn - be numerous, brilliant (央⺈) ; 兔(兔) Tù - rabbit, hare
• 助 Zhù - help. 且 erect penis + 力 strong arm ; 刖 Yuè - cut off (the feet)
• 羊 羊 (⺶‚⺷‚⺸,𦍋,𦍌) yáng (ян) овца, баран, коза;
  • 美 Měi - beautiful orig. 羊 “ram or feathers” + 大 “person”
  • 关 Guān - door bolt, to shut, to close (丷天)
  • 干 gān gàn (一十) n.dry, stem, doing, shield; to dry, to do, to fuck; empty
  • 辛 xīn - горький, острый, твёрдый, жёсткий, a tool (chisel, awl, spike) used to mark slaves and criminals.

• 一 - water, common, stream, territory 或
• 二 - once more 再
• 乛 - to grab, 买 to buy
• 丨 - to work, mountain, place, single
• ㇏ - strong leg
• 丿- left foot, not strongest, not right
• ㇀ - agility?
• ㇚ - important?
• ㇇ - dick?
• ㇋ - tits
• ㇌ - hills, kneeling person, flag
• 丶 - fast move, moving object
• 乚 - hook, deep, place to hidden
• 乙 - twisted at bottom - 吃 eat, 乞 begging; second, ethyl group, twist
• 𠃊 - to flee 亡, is an ancient form of 隱 yìn “to hide; to cover; to shield; to conceal; to cover up; etc.”: 亾, 兦、
• 匸/匚 - hiding enclosure, box
• 𠂉 - sky, long time, halo
• ⺈ - 勹 to turn, something above the head (免), hat, 刀 knife-pain
• 𠂊 - back, rear (夂), lying torse (夕)
• 冖 - to fix something or get particular - 写 to write, (宀 yard)
• 亠 - (tóu) superior somehow 六 - saturday
• 人 - (rén) soul, mind
• 丅 - an altar 示 or bellow
• 丁 - 1) a city wall, a head, a nail, right foot 亍 (my: common important, strong) 2) 可 Kě can - ㇉ a crooked nail. 考 examinate a cane
• 十 - finish 卖, half of 竹
• 匕十 - simple?, an old form of 甲 (jiǎ), which means “first” or “armor.”
• 匕 - (bǐ) from 人, hand with proposal, spoon/dagger
• 七 - simething sharp, 切 cut, 虍 tiger
• 龴 - from 卩
• 𠂇 - hand, (in 右, Originally 又) 有、左、厷, form mark 乂 in 希
• 𠄌 - hard 艮 gēn , 厶, 虫
• 乂 - (Yì) intersect/regulate, hexagram in 爻希, tree leaves in 世
• 頁/首/页 - (shǒu/yè) head.
• 天 - (Tiān) crown at head
• 丩 - two entangled ropes – to arrest; to entangle; to intertwine;
• 用 - 冂 body + 干 to fuck, to do = using
• 几 - (jī) 9 branch monkey, 丿passibe + get to hidden
• 攴/殳 - (shū) weapon,spear - 几 person + 又 hand
• 犬夭 - (quǎn, Yāo) a dog or disaster, die young
• 罒 - simplified to 吅 吅neighbor/argue in 骂.
• 勿 - (Wù) looks like an ass in 踢 kick and in 物 substance
• 龶 - something growing. 青 “growth of plants” 毒 wearing feathered ornament

口 - bronze

厶 - bigseal

厶 - seal

日 - bronze

曰 - oracle

• 上 Shàng - on, above, upon; upper; previous, first; to get onto, to go up, to attend; within, from the standpoint of, according to; suffix: over- (⺊一)
• 让 Ràng - to let, to ask, to yield, to offer, to give away, to ciricise; lit. up word (讠)
• 七 qī - seven тьи (㇀㇄)
• 三 sān - three
• 世 Shì - world, life, lifetime (廿(一丨丨一) twenty/calendar date 𠃊) [three leaves on a branch]

• 个 gè - of, universal measure Word but sound like a baby. (人丨)
• 中 Zhōng - middle, in, during, among, medium, central, hit the mark (попасть в цель)
• 史 Shǐ - history, historical; orig. 又 “hand” holding a fountain pen resembling 中
• 使 shǐ - to make, to cause, to enable, to use, to order to someone, to employ (人吏)
  • 吏 lì - orig: “envoy, jail official, matchmaker”
• 丫 Yā - ya, ah
• 丰 Fēng - rich, abundant, plentiful
• 丯 Jiè - the

• 之 Zhī - of (丶㇇乀)
• 为 Wèi - for, to serve as, to act as, because of (力 lì - power сила, движение)
• 丸 Wán - pill, ball
• 為 Wèi - for, to, as, for the

• 爻
• 𠂇 - right hand?
• 右 Yòu - right; lit. 口 "speak" + 又 "right hand"
  • 石 shí - stone
• 左 Zuǒ - left; east; areas to the east; etc. (𠂇)
• 乃 nǎi - then; really, indeed; as it turned out, after all; namely
• 乂 Yì - mow; to regulate
• 么 Me - what? interrogative particle; repetition of a tune small; tender (厶 sī)

九 㐋 乞

• 他 tā - he; him (人 rén)
• 她 tā - she (女 nǚ)
• 也 Yě - also, too, as well asn (乛丨乚)
  • 乜 miē - to squint; (Cant.) what? huh?
• 民 Mín - civil, people, nationality
• 书 Shū - book(most frequent), letter, script, to write (ヿ𠃌丨丶)

矛

• 了 Le/liǎo - past tense marker, up, know, finish, understand, clear; orig. baby without arms. replaced 矣 - the crossing of lower legs, entangled legs -> "tie" -> "finish"
• 事 Shì - thing, matter, affair, job; to work, to serve; lit. a hand holding a tool, indicating the idea of work or business (一口⺕亅)
• 亊 Shì - thing, the matter (一丷⺕亅)
• 予 Yǔ - to give, to grant, to allow, to bestow (龴乛亅) - Юй
• 预 Yù - pre- / to advance / in advance / beforehand / to prepare (予頁)

• 亍 Chù - to step with the right foot, to stop, to stand still, to take small steps
• 井 Jǐng - the well, well-shaped object, mineshaft; hometown; adj. neat, orderly. [a square well, with supports on four sides]
• 些 Xiē - some, few, several, somewhat; orig. two 人 person 止 stops; (此)- Се
• 云 Yún - cloud, scaling; to say (厶) - Юнь
• 亞/亚 Yà - Asia, sub (一丨丨一丷)
• 动 Dòng - to move, to touch, to act; lit. 云 blowing clouds from the mouth + 力 force

• 方 宀 广 立 疒 穴 衣 言
• 亡 Wáng - death, to die, to lose, to flee; orig. cutting edge of a knife (𠃊)
• 交 Jiāo - to pay, to cross, mutual, together (父 fù)
• 京 Jīng - capital city, abbr. for Beijing
  • 兄 Xiōng - brother
• 亰 Jīng - crow ворона (日小)
• 享 Xiǎng - to enjoy; orig. a temple or ancestral shrine.(口子)
• 亦 Yì - as well as, also, already, although, again(Suzhou) (亠丿亅八)
• 赢 Yíng - to win; to triumph; to be victorious; to beat; to defeat; to triumph over; [亡death 口mouth 月moon 贝valuable 凡ordinary]

众 㐺

• 大、欠、入
• 从 Cóng - to follow, proposition: from; orig. 人人 to follow.
• 今 Jīn - now, today, present, modern era (人丶㇇)
• 什 shén - what
• 位 wèi - position; place; seat ; someone
• 何 Hé - what; adv. how, why; which; to carry; semantic 人 + phonetic 可
• 以 Yǐ - by means of; thereby, therefore; consider as; in order to ; by, with; orig: a person (人) carrying something.(𠄌丶人) - и
• 似 sì, shì - like (亻)
• 亼 Jí - to assemble, roof; orig. to gather together from three sides
• 合 Hé - to combine, to close, to join, to combne, to suit, to have sex intercouse, to fight; whole, entire; together; orig. Two mouths speaking together. (口)
• 会 Huì - to can; able, will; conference, meeting; community, union, group; major city [亼under roof + 厶private](亼 Jí 人一, 一厶) - Хуэй
• 令 Lìng - to order, to command, to cause; order, command; your (亼卩)
• 命 Mìng - state of living, lifespan, destiny, fate, order, command, instruction; to order, to give (a title, name to); orig. 令; (亼 roof 叩 to knock)
• 佥 Qiān - simplified 僉 [together claws common] (亼𭕄一)
  • 僉 Qiān - all, together, unanimous (亼to assemble+吅neighbor/argue+从to follow)
• 检 Jiǎn - measure; standard; to restrain; to keep oneself in check.(木)
• 假 jiǎ - fake / false / artificial / to borrow / if / suppose [亻 + 爪 (“hand”) + 又 (“hand”) + 石 (“stone”). ] (叚(丨コ))
• 作 zuò - to make, to do; to engage in / to write; to compose / to pretend; to feign / to regard as; to consider to be / to be; to act the part of / to feel (itchy, nauseous etc) / writings; works [man + axe chopping wood]
• 拿 Ná - to take, to hold, to get, to capture; to act, to pretend [合combine手hand]

𠒇

• 见
• 兄 Xiōng - elder brother
• 元 Yuán - yuan, dollar, Yuan Dynasty, basic, primary, first (兀 “to cut off; to amputate”)
• 玩 Wán - the play; to play, to enjoy, to joke (玉元)
• 允 Yǔn - to allow, to permit, fair, just, allowed
• 先 xiān - first; prior [牛 cow 儿 son])

• 兔(兔) Tù - rabbit, hare (免丶)

  • 免 miǎn - to take off, to avoid, to release, to excuse from, to discharge;

  excuse from; evade; orig. a man in a hat (勹口儿)

• 晚 Wǎn - night, evening; late, junior - (日 sun + 免 to take off)
• 说 Shuō - say, to say; talking, reproach; spoken; scold, upbraid; [讠word + 兑 exchange]
  • 兌/兑 duì - cash; exchange, barter; weight

• 屳 㒰 𠓾

my:

• 全 (quán) - all; whole, complete, overal (王 wáng‚ yù) - Цюань
• 兩/两 (liǎng) (帀(一丨ヿ丨)入入) - two, few, different

公 六 兵

• 六 Liù - six (亠) - Лю
• 其 qí - his, her, its, their, that, such, it (refers to sth preceding it) [basket] - Ци
• 共 gòng - common; together; to share; orig. 廾 two hands + 口 an object (一丨丨一 八). Possibly the original form of 供 "to provide; to offer".
  • 龷 - floodwaters or 艸 grass + water
• 供 Gōng - to provide, to offer, to own up; for; offering, confession, deposition (人)
• 只 Zhǐ - only, just, simply, merely; originally, at first; orig: airflow coming out of a mouth (口)
• 興/兴 Xìng - interest, eagerness; to flourish, to become popular, to get up (小)
• 兼 Jiān - simultaneous, double; lit. a hand holding two grain stalks 禾 (丷三一丨丨丿㇏)

• 卩,口,巾,囗,戶,曰,田
• 內/内 Nèi - within, inside, inner (冂入/人)
• 冇 Mǎo - without
• 再 zài - again, once more; orig. 龶 growing 一 common 冂 wide 大 big 二 once more 口 mouth (一冉 )
  • 冉 Rǎn - (archaic) edge of a turtle shell, 冉冉 slowly (冂丨二)
• 同 Tóng - preposition: with ; same ; similar, like, alike ; together ; lane
• 冊/册 Cè - book, volume, booklet; measure word for books; orig. bamboo slips strung together. (冂冂一)
• 刪/删 (Shān) - to delete, to erase, to cut. to geld (刂 knife)

冗 冠 軍 㓀

• 寫/写 Xiě - to write, to place, to describe; writing (与㇉)
  • 与 Yǔ - and, versus, with; to give; to offer; orig. two things as a gift (一㇉一)

冶 冷 凍

• 冬 Dōng - winter. [夂 “end” + ⺀ “ice”]
• 冲 Chōng – рваться вперед, устремляться; come on!

凡 凢 凣 凥

• 九 Jiǔ - 9 nine (㇓㇈) Цзю

凶 凷 凼 函

切 刖 㺫 利 則 刕 刁、解、劍

• 分 Fēn - point, minute, fraction, 1/10; to divide, to separate, to participate; orig. 八 "to separate" with a 刀 "knife".
• 久 Jiǔ - Long, length, long time, for a long time (⺈㇏) - Цзю
• 切 Qiē - to cut; tangency; to switch (七) - Це

劜 加 㔹 劦 功、劣、男

• 务 Wù - serivice; to be engaged in; to be devoted to; to seek; to pursue; etc. (夂 “end”) - У
• 男 Nán - male (田)
• 办 Bàn - to manage, to do, to deal with, to handle, to take care of, to prepare, to get something ready; etc. (八, originally 䇂䇂 marks of slaves and criminals) [strong slavery]
• 加 Jiā - to add, to put on top of something, to increase; postfix for increase; to impose [strengt + mouth = exaggerate; slander.](力口)

勽 勾 匁 包、勺、勻、负

• 勿 Wù - must not, do not; without, never; (used inside others); orig. blood on a knife, Fusion of 毋
• 包 Bāo - to bundle up, to include, to ensure; to reserve; package, bag; orig. a fetus or a swaddled baby (巳)

朼 㔫 华 匙

• 比
• 北 Běi - north [two man back-to-back]
• 化 Huà - to change, to turn, suffix: -ify -ization -ize; [person (亻) + spoon]
• 能 Néng - able, capable, to can, to may, energy (月 yuè, 厶 sī)
• 蛇 Shé - snake, serpent (虫 chóng)
  • 它 Tā - it (宀匕)

匣 匞 匠 匡 區、匠

• 巨 Jù - huge, gigantic, very large; so/very xxx ; a carpenter's square "enormous"
• 匿 Nì - to hide, to conceal; familiar
  • 若 to be ovedient like - a person combing their hair; obedient. (艹右(𠂇口))

匹 区 區

• 医 Yī - medical; medicine, doctor; to cure. [矢 smart]
• 區/区 Qū - district, area, region, zone; subdivide. [enclosure of (㐅乂) regulate], see 县 Xiàn - Цюй

午 卉 卐 協 千、半、卅

• 阜,土,士,支,牛,生
• 什 Shén - what? Varied, asserted
• 华 Huá - China, flower; flowery, flashy, magnificent (化 Huà)
• 才 Cái - talent, ability; just, only ; only if, not until (一㇚丿)
• 古 Gǔ - aniquity, ancient, old
• 眞/真 Zhēn - really, trully, indeed; true, real (匕十 simple + 貝)
• 计 Jì - to calculate, to count, to plan, to have total; meter, plan; lit. to say all (訁)
• 升 Shēng - to rise, to go up; liquid measure; orig. a dipper
• 南 Nán - south [ударный инструмент or front of a house]

卞 卦 乩 上、卡

• 占 Zhàn - divine; observe; versify (used inside others)
• 点 Diǎn - a little bit; point, dot, appinted time; to point, to select, to hint; some of (fire 灬)
• 店 Diàn - shop, store, inn; lit. “lean-to” or house on cliff + observe (广占)
• 下 Xià - down; under; next, lower; to go down, to get off, to make a move; orig. one line below another(=)

卪 叩 卯 卵

• 创 Chuàng - to create, to start to, to found, to establish; wound, trouma, injury (人刂)
  • 仓 cāng - granary, warehouse cabin; to hold (人㔾) - Цан
• 印 Yìn - to print, to impress; seal, stamp, mark; orig. 爪,扌 “hand” + 卩 “kneeling person” – a hand suppressing a kneeling person.(same to 抑) (㇒丨㇒㇀卩)

仄 圧 龎 厄、厚、厰

• 原 Yuán - original, primary, raw; cause; to pardon [ (白小) 泉 water flowing from the source of a 白 spring and a 厂 cliff-side]
• 历 Lì - calendar, experience; to experience; every, each (力)

仏 㕕 厸 厽

• 么 Me - what? interrogative particle; repetition of a tune small; tender (丿)
• 去 Qù - to go to, to leave; (between two verbs) to; [大 man or 土 eath + 口 mouth/cave/anus] Цюй
• 法 Fǎ - Law, rule, norm, model; to imitate; way; dharma, principle; magic act. [river man self/cave] (氵)
• 公 gōng - public, fair, metric; male; generally (儿 ér)

双 叒 叕 叉、取

• 夂、夊、支、攴
• 友 Yǒu - friend, friends, friendly, fraternity (𠂇)
• 爱 ài - love, affection, to love, to like (breathe, hand? and co-operation?)(⺤冖友)
• 受 Shòu - to be subject, to suffer, to receive; by; lit. 爪 hand 凡/舟 plate/boat 又 hand - to hand over.
• 仅 Jǐn - only, merely, just (亻)
• 对 Duì - correct, to, at, pair, yes, to be opposite, to oppose, orderly (寸 cùn)
• 及 Jí - and; to reach, to come up; in time; orig. 人 “person” + 又 “hand” – a hand grabbing a person. (trad. 丿𠃍又 ) (sim. 丿又)
• 极 Jí - pole, utmost, top; extremely, mighty; extreme (木)
• 圾 Jī - garbage, rubbish; [things reached eath] (土)
• 反 - Fǎn - reverse, opposite; adv. instead, on the contrary; to turn over; prefix: anti- counter-; orig. to make someone return money [to climp or drag down] (𠂆又)

㕥 叹 君 吳 味 命 喦 㗊 器

• 中 Zhōng - central; center, middle; in the midst of; hit (target); attain [flag or knot] (丨 gǔn)
• 叫 Jiào - to call, to be called; lit. mouth + 丩 two entangled ropes
• 克 kè - gram; to overcome, to defeat; transliteration (儿 ér son)
• 品 Pǐn - taste, to taste; article; item; product; commodity; personality; character; grade; level; rank; class (品味 Pǐnwèi - to taste); lit. 3 mouths
• 别 (Bié) - other, another; Don't (刀刂 dāo)
  • 另 (Lìng) - other, another, separate; separately, in addition; to divide (力)
• 吃 chī, jī - to eat, to take, to live on, to suffer; eating. [mouth long hi]
  • 乞 qǐ - beg; request ( 乙 yǐ second; 2nd heavenly stem 𠂉)

• 号 Hào - mark, sign; symbol; number

  • 丂 kǎo - obstruction of breath (qi) as it seeks release; variant of other

  characters (一㇉)

• 可 Kě - may, can, -able; possibly ; but, yet ; particle used for emphasis (丁口)
  • 丁 dīng - male adult, nail, dice; fourth; robust, vigorous; 4th heavenly stem
• 后 Hòu - 1) back / behind / rear / afterwards / after / later / post- 2) empress / queen / (archaic) monarch / ruler [a person's anus, behind walls]
• 司 Sī - to manage, to control; department, division; orig. from 后
• 吊 diào - to hang, to pity, to condole, to lift up with a rope, to revoke; Classifier for strings of 1000 copper coins.
• 哥 Gē - elder brother (可)
• 啊 A - express surprise, question; OK, allright
  • 阿 A - prefix. for elders; orig. big mound (阝可)
• 器 Qì - device, tool, ware, capacity, tolerance, talent ; orig. 工 assist (modern. a 犬 (“dog”)) guarding four 口 (“vessel”) or “to bark”.(口口犬口口)
• 唔 Wú - Hmm, used like 不 (bù) in Cantonese (吾)

龱 囚 囯 围

• 四 Sì - 4 four (冂儿一)
• 国 guó - country, state, nation; national(玉)
• 囧 Jiǒng - an emoticon expressing surprise, original: "patterned window" (四 儿 ér 口 kǒu)
• 回 huí - to return, to reply, to turn around, to decline; a time; measure word for events and chapters; orig. rotation (originally a spiral). (口)
• 因 Yīn - beacause; reason, cause; to make use of a situation, to follow (tradition) (大)

• 團/团 Tuán - group, corps, organization; round, circular; to unite; to link; measure word for balls (專/专/才)

  • 專/专 zhuān - cool!, special; orig. a 又hand turning a 叀 spindle or spinning

  wheel.

• 圆 Yuán - round, circle; to complete; complete (orig. 〇 + 鼎 "ding") (员 )
• 圖/図/图 Tú - diagram, chart, map, picture (冬)

圡 圠 圶 垚 地 壁 壓 圣、圭、堯

• 去 qù - go away, leave, depart (厶 sī) Цюй
• 在 zài - be at, in, on; consist in, rest (𠂇丨土)
• 垃 Lè - garbage, rubbish (立)
• 地 De, dì - land, ground, place; topographic; suffix -ly, Just as the earth serves as the foundation for physical things. [土 “earth” + 也 “female genitalia”]
• 压 Yā - to press, to push down, to control; in the first place (厂圡)
  • 圡 - variant as 土.
• 掛 Guà: to hang, to suspend, to wear, to hang up, to reminate a phone call, to register, to enroll (扌卦(圭(土土)卜))
• 基 jī - (bound form) base; foundation / (bound form) radical (chemistry) / (bound form) gay (loanword from English into Cantonese, Jyutping: gei1, followed by orthographic borrowing from Cantonese) [a 其 basket on earth]
• 块 Kuài - piece, chunk, lump, part; yuan; dollar; buck; etc. (夬 decisive)

声 志 壵 壹 壬、喜、時、壽

• 喜 Xǐ - happiness; to like, to enjoy, to be happy; pleased; Hi! 壴 drum + 口 mouth

処 处 条 冬、夆、愛

• 备 Bèi - to prepare; equipment; fully; (夂 approach behind 田 field )
• 各 Gè - each, every; lit. 夂 intruder! 口 at entrance, every one stand up!
• 条 Tiáo - strip / item / article / clause (of law or treaty) / classifier for long thin things (ribbon, river, road, trousers etc) (木)

夌

• 夏 Xià - summer; lit. 首 head/自 a nose, self 夊 slow; orig. 頁 “head; man” under the scorching 日 “sun”.
• 复 Fù - variant of 復 [“going back” long 日 sun 夊 slow - with a reference to meet people perhaps in a guest room]

外 邜 夗、岁

• 歹(歺)
• 多 Duō - many, much, multi-
• 名 Míng - name, reputation, fame; orig: moon + mouth - to say one's own name to identify oneself in the dark (口 kǒu)
• 外 Wài - outside, outer, external, foreign, imported; beyond, in additional, besides. orig. divination 卜 based on visible part of the moon 月
• 岁 Suì - year, Jupiter; measure for years; years old; lit. 山 mountain +

夨 夶 㚐 𡘙 夭、夯

• 禾、木
• 太 Tài - too, very, excessively; highest. (大丶)
• 天 Tiān - day, sky, heavens, overhead, weather, period of time in a day, season, natural; orig. a man with a large head or crown of the head, an anthropomorphic representation of heaven. (一)
• 夫 fū - husband; male adult; low worker or laborer [a man with a hairpin in his hair](一)
• 关 Guān - door bolt, to shut, to close, to pass, to laugh; barrier; sticking (丷天)
• 央 Yāng - central; to beg, to finish; orig. a 大 man carrying a 冂 pole with its middle on his shoulder. (冂)
• 头 Tóu - head, top, hair, first, leading, measure word for livestock (the simplified form of 頭) (冫bīng)
• 实 Shí - fact, reality; real, true; honest, sincere (宀 mián)
• 买 Mǎi - to buy, to purchase, to pay, to bribe (乛丶丶大)
• 卖 Mài - to sell, to betray; sale, selling (十买)
• 奇 Qí - strange; to wonder, to surprise; odd number; lit. big 可 Kě emphasis.
• 失 Shī - to lose, to miss, to fail, to breach; mistake, fault; orig. 手 + 丿 – something (丿) falling from a hand (手)

妄 姆 㚣 奻 姫 姦

• 好 Hǎo - good
• 奶 Nǎi - milk, breast, tits, to suckle (乃 nǎi)
• 妈 Mā - mom, mama (马 mǎ)
• 如 Rú - as, as if, to comply with, for example, than; if, supposing. orig. a woman obeying an order (口 kǒu)
• 始 Shǐ - the beginning, the start; to start (台 tower, stage, table)
• 安 Ān - safe, secure; to install, to fit; peace; orig. person sitting at home
• 案 Àn - case, event, incident; orig. someone untouchable + wood ritual (安木)
• 姓 Xìng - surname, last name, family name. [女 female 生 inborn]

孖 學 孨 my:

• 学 Xué - to learn, school, suffix -logy (小)
• 字 Zì - letter / symbol / character / word [roof child] (宀(㇔㇔㇇))
• 孔 Kǒng - hole; aperture; opening [丿“opening” + 子 “child”] [agility child + heart] (了㇀乚)(子乚)
• 存 cún - to exist / to deposit / to store / to keep / to survive

㝉 守 寒 安、寧

• 家 Jiā - home, family, domesticated, suffix -er -ian -ist (豕 shǐ - a pig, boar)
• 它 Tā - it (匕)
• 定 Dìng - to set, to fix, to decide; fixed, definite; certainly, surely (正)
• 完 Wán - over, complete, to finish (元 Yuán dollar). ex. 那完了 (Nà wánliǎo) That's over
• 客 Kè - guest, visitor, customer, client; to receive friendly ; Agent suffix, indicating “one that engages in …”; objective; [宀 “roof” 夂 “walk” 口 “to talk”]
• 官 Guān - goverment official, govermental, public, organ (part of a body) [roof with many rooms] (㠯)

寺 夺 尊 將

• 寺 Sì - temple, monastery, place of worship, shrine; orig. to grasp, to hold(土寸)
• 对 Duì - correct, to, at, pair, yes, to be opposite, to oppose, orderly (又 yòu) -

尐、劣、尛、當、栄

• 少 Shǎo - few, less, little; small, young, week; to stop, to lack, to lose, son of a rich family; orig. four dots (丿)
• 你 Nǐ - you, second person pronoun
• 尔/尓 Ěr - thou, you, your; so, this way; this, that; lit. holding small (⺈/𠂉)
• 尖 Jiān - tip; sharp, pointed, piercing; lit. small of big (大)
• 当 Dāng - when, be; to face; to turn towards; to bear; to withstand; the sound of bells. [to hit, to strike] (⺌𠃍二)

㝼 尬 尪 尷 尷、尬、尩

• 优 Yōu - excellent, superior; actor, actress, performer (人)

  • 尤 yóu - especially, particularly; fault, flaw; to fault, to flaw;

  lit. hand with a wart

• 就 Jiù - At once, then, just; to approach, to move toward, to reach, to success, to comply; on, concerning; that, as soon as; frequently used insted of 是 ; [京 a temple 尤 "especially; even more" = "high; to go to a higher place to sacrifice"] - Цзю

𡰪 局 屍、尼、尻

• 戶(户、戸)
• 尺 Chǐ - ruler, to rule; traditional Chinese utit of length (10 寸, 1/10丈)
• 屎 shǐ - shit; to stool; [person + 米 rice]
• 尽 Jǐn - to exhaust, to use up, finished, to the utmost, to the limit
• 尾 Wěi - tail; end, extremity; stern; orig. "person" + 毛 máo "hair; feather".
• 履 Lǚ - shoe, territory, to walk on, to experience, to carry out personally [fonetic 復]
  • 復 Fù - to return; to recover; to resume; to revenge; to reply [彳step 复 revenge]

㞢 屯 芔 茻 屯、屰、頓

• 艸
• 出 Chū - out; to come out; to put up; to happen (凵)

乢 㞤 岀 岩 嵗、峰、

• 密 Mì - dense, tight, intimate, secret, confidential [宓 hidden at home, 必 weapon handle]
• 幽 Yōu - quiet, hidden, dark, deep and remote [something big around 幺 tiny]

州 巡 災 順

巧 巫 㠭

• 卫 Wèi - guard, defend, protect
• 项 Xiàng - item, back of neck, thing, term (in a mathematical formula); sum (of money); classifier for principles, items, clauses, tasks, research projects etc [工 work/neck + 页 sheet/head]

导 异 改 忌 忌、龍

• 己 jǐ - self, private; orig. silk rope for binding objects.
• 已 yǐ - already; to stop, to finish; a snake or a fetus
• 巳 sì - sixth of twelve earthly branches; snake
• 记 Jì - to remember, to make a note/record; mark, sign; lit. speach bound for self
• 改 Gǎi - to change, to alter, to modify (攴攵)
• 巴 Bā - to greatly desire, to hope; a suffix for: below, behind, stickiness; orig. a huge snake.
• 吧 Ba - used at the end: why don't you, Whatever, really?!, emphasis.

币 帀 布 巿 常 帥、刷、砸

• 市 Shì - city, market, Municipal
• 常 Cháng - often; regular, constant (龸(⺌/火冖)吊)
• 吊 Diào - to condole; to mourn; to pity; to hang; to revoke

• 于 Yú - at, in, to, on, for, when
• 千 Qiān - thousand, kilo; many, numerous. [more than ten or “one, signifying a number”] (㇒十)
• 乎 Hū - almost, interrogative particle similar to a question mark "?"
• 刊 Kān - published, publication, to print, journal
• 平 Píng - flat, level, average, to draw, tie
• 年 Nián - the year, annual, age (𠂉厂十)

幻 幼 乣 樂

床 店 府 度 座 庭 廣 廳

• 序 Xù - order, sequence; preface (of a book), foreword; introductory; lit. wide granted (予) - Сюй
• 应 Yìng - should, to respond, to comply [cover claw common] (𭕄一)

延 廷 廽

• 建 Jiàn - to build, to establish, to set up, to erect; organizational; orig: a hand planting a pole into a base (聿)

弁 卉 㚏 㫒

• 拼 pīn - join together, link, incorporate (扌shǒu hand + 并 combine)

  • 并 bìng, bīng - but, to combine, to annex, to join, to merge; and, furthermore,

  also, together with, (not) at all, simultaneously; lit. 丷 "to divide" + 一 "common, long time" + "two hands"

  • 开 kāi - open
• 弄 Nòng - alley, lane, trick; to do, to play, to bully, to fetch, to fool with; orig. 玉 “jade” + 廾 “hands” – play with a jade artefact using one's hands.
• 廿 niàn - twenty, describing dates of the Chinese calendar. orig. U + 一 or two short lines (was used to avoid vulgar word 入 (rù), now commonly written as 日 (rì) in dialects). In Mandarin 二十 (èrshí) is usually used.

弑 弍 忒

• 戈
• 代 dài - to replace, to substitute replacement (of person or generation); era, generation.
• 式 Shì - mode, formula, type, style, ceremony, model, pattern, form (一工㇏丶)

弜 弱 彌

• 弟 Dì - younger brother, junior male; orig. a string wrapped around a bobbin, something young boys probably did. (丷弔丿)
  • 弔 diào dì - to mourn, to hang; condole, mourn, pity; 2. to reach, to arrive; good
• 𠂔 Zǐ - to stop, (姊 Zǐ - Sister) (phonetic)
• 引 Yǐn - to quote, to lead, to pull; quoted; orig. bow string which is pulled (丨)
• 強/强 Qiáng - powerful, better, strong; strength, power, force; orig: rice weevil, an insect that attacks rice (虫)

夛 彔 录 彖

形 彦 杉 須

• 手, 毛

𢒼 役 彼 後 徼

• 行
• 得 Dé - to get; to contract (disease); ought to ; finished, ready ; particle showing degree, particle showing possibility [road pickup]
  • 㝵 (ancient form) cowry was picked up on the road with hand > to obtain valuables (貝 cowry + 又 hand)
  • 旦 Dàn - early morning, dawn ; day (旦旦 every day) ; first day of a lunar month (日 rì)
  • 寸 cùn - pulse
• 街 Jiē - street; orig. road + stack of (clay, jade) tablets + step with right hand. (圭亍)

忌 性 悪 惢 情

• 必 Bì - to must; necessarily, certainly. [unrelated to 心, weapon handle made of bamboo strips] (丿乚丶㇒丶)
• 快 kuài - rapid, quick, speedy; fast, soon; speed; hurry up
  • 夬 guài - parted; fork; certain; decisive; resolute [a hand wearing an archer's thumb ring OR grab big] (乛大 dà)
• 慢 Màn - slow, tardiness (медлительность), defer (откладывать) (慢慢 slowly)
  • 曼 Màn - long, extended, vast; beautiful (曰罒又)
• 怪 Guài - strange, odd; to blame; monster, teratology
  • 圣 1) Shèng - holy, sacred; sait, sage 2) kū - to dig
• 感 Gǎn - to feel, to move (someone), to affect; the feel, sense, touch, Kudzu (咸心)
  • 咸 Xián - salty; all, completely; orig: 戌 “axe” + 口 “mouth (person) or clay pot” (厂一口弋)
• 性 Xìng - sex, gender, nature; suffix -ity,-ness (生)
• 悤/总 Zǒng - total, gross general; always; chief, head; to assemble, to gather; orig. window closed or small dick 囪/囱

• 想 Xiǎng - to think, to want, to wish, to miss, to think as; would like (相)

  • 相 Xiāng - to see for oneself; mutually; phase; orig: (目 eye) looking at, or

  watching the tree. [tree eye]

• 怕 Pà - fear; to be afraid/scared, to be dread (白 white/blank)
• 懒 Lǎn - lazy, sluggish, drowsy (束 to bind; to tie up. orig. tree with binding 负 burden)
• 怎 Zěn - How, why, what (乍 suddenly, at first [axe chopping wood] (㇒一丨二))
• 忙 Máng - adj. busy; to hurry; [feeling of the edge/death] (亡)

戉 戓 戌 戦

• 戏 Xì - play, drama, sport; to play, to show, to joke (又)
• 我 Wǒ - I, me, myself
• 找 zhǎo - to look for, to seek. orig. a hand 扌with a dagger 戈
• 成 Chéng - to become into, to succeed, to complete, to help to achieve; achievment (戊5丁4)
  • 戊 wù - a halberd, the fifth of the ten heavenly stems
• 或 huò​ - maybe / perhaps / might / possibly / or [dagger (used to defend territory) + 囗 (“city wall”) + 一, “territory”]

帍 戻 所 扁

• 啟/启 Qǐ - to start, to open, to enlighten, to awaken; orig. open mouth 口 + door + to tap or pattern 攵
• 房 Fáng - house, room, branch of family, sex activity lit. door + side = side room or dwelling house. (方)
• 所 Suǒ - place, office (rarely not used alone); orig. the sound of logging (door 戶, 斤 axe)

扎 払 抙 拜 拳 掌 掱 擧

• 毛
• 看 Kàn - look, to see, to look, to watch, to read, to look after (hand 目 mù eye)
• 换 Huàn - to replace, to change, to exchange; change, exchange (换成 (Huàn chéng) Replace with/into)
  • 奂 Huàn - be numerous, brilliant (央⺈)
• 打 Dǎ - to beat, to fight; dozen; at, from; dummy verb to make a verbal phrase from a noun: to make, to get (丁)
• 折 Zhé - to break off, to bend, to twist, to change direction, to suffer the lose of, to die (young), to wrap, to admire, to be convinced, to trade, to exchange, to censure, to blame; difficulty, obstacle; orig. an 斤 axe cutting a 扌tree in half.
• 把 Bǎ - to hold, to grasp; special grammar structure: to cause to, to make; Classifier for objects that can be held, abstract ideas (巴 to hope)
• 接 Jiē - to catch; orig. to receive (in 扌 the hand ) 妾 female slave. (扌妾(立女)
• 搜 Sōu - search; to search; orig. 叜 hand holding a torch in the house, now 叟 hand 又 + 𦥑申 mortar or a bolt of lightning.
• 掉 Diào - to lose, to fall, to drop, to come off, to shake, to toss.
  • 卓 Zhuó, zhuō - tall and erect (早 Zǎo early, long ago).
• 担 Dān - to carry on a shoulder pole, to raise, to uncover, to dust [hand raising sun or egg]
• 挺 Tǐng - very, quite, rather, measure word for machine guns; to hold out - [廷廴 long stride 𡈼壬burden]
• 报 Bào - newspaper, journal, report; journalistic [hand written, 𠬝 ([b]ək, “to subdue”) a 又 hand subduing a 卩 kneeling person]
• 拉 Lā - La; to pull, to draw, to drag, to play the stringed instrument; drawing; extended [立]

攱 攲 翅

• 皮
• 妓 Jì - prostitute, whore; lit. 女 woman support.

收 敍 數 斅

• 做 zuò - to do, to make, to be, to act, to prepare, to be used as; lit. man old hand

  • 古 gǔ - old, classic, ancient (十 shí - ten, tenth; complete; perfect 口 kǒu -

  mouth; open end; entrance, gate)

• 救 Jiù - to aid, to save, to rescue, to help; lit. to seek 求 + to tap
• 收 Shōu - to receive; income, harves; to collect, to put away [丩 arest + hand holding a whip]

㐎 刘 斌 斑 斕

㪳 㪲 乧 斡 𣁾

斥 斦 斧 斬 斷

• 新 Xīn - new, fresh, newly; orig. cut with axe 亲 hazelnut tree.
  • 亲 Qīn - relative, parent, to kiss, close, dear (立, 朩)

听 - 听 Tīng - to listen, to hear, to understand, obey (口 kǒu)

放 𣃚 旅 族

• 万 Wàn - ten thousand, innumerable, absolutely, extremely (一𠃌丿)
• 五 Wǔ - five (丅𠃍一)
• 放 Fàng - to put, to place, to discharge, to release; 方 tip of a blade + 攵 “hand, action” – an action, release.

旡 炁 既 旣

明 冐 映 時 𣊭 旨

• 曰, 月, 白, 艮, 門, 音, 香, 骨
• 早 Zǎo - morning; good morning!;early, beforehand; orig. 日 "sun" + 十 an old form of 甲 (jiǎ), which means “first” or “armor.”
• 但 dàn - only; but, however, yet; still (亻旦)
• 旦 dàn - early morning, dawn; day; first day of a lunar month; orig:the sun (日) appearing over the horizon (一).
• 明 Míng - bright, next, clear, to understand; 明明 obviously (月 yuè)
• 時/时 Shí - time, season; era, age, period; from time to time, occasionally; lit. day pulse (寸 cùn)
• 春 Chūn - spring; lit. 龵 hand that gives something + 日 sun; orig. 艸 (“grass”) + 屯 "sprout” + 日 “sun” (𡗗) (三八日)
• 星 Xīng - star, satellite, bit, particle, small amount; (生)

晉 曷 曹 曾

• 更 Gēng - more; re- in renew, replace; up-to-date; orig. 丙 shoulders, fishtail + 攴 “hand holding a whip, action”, now 中 or 日 or 雨 and 乂; гэн
• 最 Zuì - most, bottom; suffix: -est orig. 取 to grap ear + under cap 冃⺜
• 書 Shū - book, letter, document, wirting, the art of calligraphy, storytelling [writing brush + 者 Zhě] (𦘒一曰)

朤

• 且 Qiě, jū - moreover, also (post-subject); about to, will soon (pre-verb) - Це [sacrificial vessel, erect penis, stone altar] - Це
• 县 - Xiàn, xuán - county, district, subdivision [] see. 区 Qū
• 青 Qīng, jīng - blue, green, black (of silk, hair), young; orig. 生 “growth of plants” + 丹 “cinnabar” - color of growing plants (龶土tǔ) - Цин
• 有 Yǒu - to have; there is, to exist; before a verb to emphasize that the action has been done. orig: a hand 又 holding ⺼ meat, hence “in possession of” (𠂇)
• 朋 Péng - friend, pal, companion, acquaintance
• 期 Qī - to expect; period, phase, stage; alloted, promissory. [basket + moon] (其)
• 前 Qián - ahead ago, before, forward; front, top; earlier on; [䒑丷 to know,刖 cut off (the feet)] (月moon刀knife)
• 肯 Kěn - attached to bone; to be willing to, to be ready to, to permit, to agree [冎 “bone” (止 base) + 肉 “meat”(月)]
• 背 Bèi - back; to leave, to abandon, to betray, to violate, to memorize;

unlucky; remote. [北 back-to-back + 月 “meat”]

• 服 Fú - clothes, dress; to serve, to take, to submit; mourning apparel [ 凡 (“tray”) + 𠬝 ([b]ək, “to subdue”) a 又 hand subduing a 卩 kneeling person]

札 杢 林 杉 杰 森 楽 機

• 禾
• 不 Bù not, no, не (丆丨丶)
• 否 fǒu, pǐ - not, no, negative; final particle (口)
• 保 Bǎo - insurance, protection; to ensure, to keep, to raise, to rear (呆 dull, wooden [口 mouth 木 wood])
• 殺/杀 Shā - to kill, to murder; murderous; in the extreme (㐅朩)
• 本 běn - book, this, origin, undergraduate; present; lit. something in roots (一)
• 体 tǐ - body, group, unit; inferior (人 Rén)
• 未 Wèi - not yet, not, to have not; orig. a tree not yet at full growth
• 末 Mò - the end, last
• 术 Shù - technique, art (丶)
• 根 Gēn - root, source (艮 преграда; твёрдый, крепкий)
• 茶 chá - tea, tea plant (艹人木)
• 余 - surplus, odd, remainder, I, me, after, beyound
• 果 Guǒ - fruit, result, indeed, if really (田 cultivated)
• 乐 Lè - happy; music, fun, laugh; to laugh (㇒𠃋小)
• 東/东 Dōng - east; host; eastern; cursive version of 東 [the sun (日) rising behind a tree (木)] (东一𠃋小) (東一日小)
• 機/机 Jī - machine, engine, aircraft; organic ; lit. tree stool/chair
• 桌 Zhuō - table; (卜 forecast 日 sun)
• 标 Biāo - mark, label, tag; to label; end; tip; peak; etc.; lit. tree 示 top.
• 板 Bǎn - plate; to harden; hardened; to look serious or displeased (办 sound simular) (反)
• 椅 Yǐ - chair [wood of 奇 - 大 big 可 can] - И
• 權/权 Quán - right, power, authority; tentatively [tree hand]

欣 欽 欧 欲 歌 欣、欥

• 次 Cì - secondary; times, time, order, number, bout; orig. 二,㇌ (冫)
• 欢 Huān - joyous, happy, pleased; orig. stork雚/hand又 + a kneeling person with mouth open.

欽 欧 欲 歌

• 疋, 足, 辵
• 正/𤴓 Zhèng - just, positive, correct, to correct, first month of year
• 步 Bù - "to go", to walk, to foot; walking; step, stage. orig. 止 + 止 "two foots"
• 此 Cǐ - this, these; here, now; orig. 止 “feet” + 人 “person” – where a person stops; here. [feet spoon]

殃 殕

• 列 Liè - a list of objects, column of table; to list, to split. orig: 歹 (“skeletal remains”) + 刀 (“knife”) – to tear apart.
• 死 Sǐ - to die; deadly; rigid; [歹 evil + 匕 spoon/dagger]

役 投 殴 殷

• 设 Shè - to set up; if, suppose, (math.) given (讠)
• 沒/没 Méi - without, not; to have not, to desappear, to die; drowned; haven't; orig. (river, whirlpool, hand) or touching weapon with a wet hand (勹/几 又)

姆 梅

• 毎、每 Měi - every, each, per… [halo mother]

皆 批 毕 毖 毘 毚

毟 毡 毦 毫 毳 耗

• 笔 bǐ - pen / pencil / writing brush / to write or compose / the strokes of Chinese characters / classifier for sums of money. [竹 “bamboo” + 毛 “insignificant” = classic brush]

紙 婚 氓

• 民 Mín - people, nationality, citizens; civil, folk; orig. an eye pierced by a dagger "to enslave by blinding".

氖 氝 氧 氰

氷 泳 決 治 海 演 㴇 㵘

• 永 Yǒng - forever, always, for ever, perpetually, perpetual (丶水)
• 冰 Bīng - ice (冫bīng)
• 海 Hǎi - ocean, sea, naval, oceanic (上海 Shanghai) (毎(𠂉母)
• 沒 Méi - not (勹 bāo 又 yòu) (river, whirlpool, hand)
• 汉 Hàn - Chinese, Han Dynasty, Chinese people, Chinese language (又 yòu)

• 游 Yóu - tour; to swim, to journey; itinerant

  • 斿 - decoration hanging down from a flag; orig. a child 子 holding a flag 㫃 (to

  travel) (方 fāng 𠂉子)

• 求 Qiú - to seek, to look for, to beg, to demand; please; orig. fur coat (一氺丶)
• 沙 Shā - sand; sandy, granulated. [water + 少 “to lack; to be short of”].
• 流 Liú - to flow, to drift, to spread; grade, flow. [㐬 𠫓 baby + 川 river, stream]
• 源 Yuán - source. [water 原 origin]
• 消 Xiāo - to remove, to disappear, to while away (time), to spend (money)
  • 肖 to resemble [小 small ⺼meat = like hand talking]

灯 炑 灻 燚 烹 焦 煮

• 然 Rán - however, but, nevertheless; of course; so; right, correct; orig. from 燃 “to burn” - 肰 dog meat, stupid (肉) + 火 fire - something consuming completely ( 夕犬)
• 熟 Shú - ripe, mature, cooked, familiar with, practiced; ex. 不太熟 not very known [孰享 (Xiǎng) to enjoy 丸(九丶) (wán) small round object]

爬 爯 爭 爰 爲

斧 釜 爹 爹、爺

爼 爾 㸚

• 爽 Shuǎng - cool, enjoyable; to feel well; clearness; lit. 大 large + 㸚 clear = alert, awake
  • 㸚 lǐ - sparse and clear; to stop, to connect

牀 奘 牃 牆

牌 牒 牘

• 版 bǎn - version, edition, page, a register, block of printing, page of a newspaper (反)
  • 片 - piàn, piān, pàn - slice, splinter, strip

芽 呀 牚

牟 牧 物 解

• 告 gào - "marking a dangerous bull", tell, announce, inform; orig. 牛 (“ox”) + 口, an ox head above a container to gather its blood "to pray and offer sacrifice".
• 牢 Láo - prison, pen, enclosure; firm, dependable; lit. 宀 pen, animal, yard + 牛 cow.
• 特 Tè - special, especially (土寸)
• 物 Wù - thing, matter, object, substance (勿 Wù)
• 午 Wǔ - noon, seventh earthly branch (𠂉一丿)
• 半 Bàn - "things divided in the middle"; half; halfway, partly; prefix semi- (丷二丨)
  • 八 (“to divide”) + 牛 (“cow”) – to cut a cow into two halves.
• 汗 Hàn - sweat, perspiration (氵)
• 件 Jiàn - pieces, items; measure word for pieces; lit. 人 (“man”) + 牛 (“cow”) pieces of meat?
• 制 Zhì - system; to make, to regulate, to restrict; lit. to cut 刀 a tree 木.

犯 狙 献 獣

• 狗 Gǒu - dog, puppy - Гоу
  • 句 Jù - sentence, measure word for sentences (勹 bāo, 口 kǒu) Цзюй
• 猪 Zhū - pig, hog, wild boar (dog + 者 who, a command (耂 old 白 white))
• 狂 Kuáng - insane, mad; violent; wild (dog 王 Wáng perfect)

弦 玅 玆 䲻

玌 珡 弄 皇 差 聖

• 生、隹
• 主 Zhǔ - main, primary; master, host, owner; to advocate, to direct
• 注 Zhù - to fill, to record
• 玉 Yù - jade, jasper(нефрит); beautiful, pure
• 玊 sù - jade with defects ; jade carver; jade sculptor
• 王 Wáng - king, monarch
• 国 guó - nation, country, nation-state (囗 wéi erect, proud; upright; bald)
• 住 Zhù - live, dwell
• 理 Lǐ - reason, truth; to manage, to tidy; orig: "to polish jade" (𤣩里)
• 往 Wǎng - to, to go in a direction; toward; fro; past, bound ; orig. 止 “foot” + 王 + 彳 "slow"
• 差 Chà - difference, error, mission; poor, different; to differ, to lack, to make a mistake

呱 瓞 瓟 㼎

瓧 邷 瓮 甄

某 柑 酣

• 甜 Tián - sweet, honyed, sound (舌)

牲 甡 笙 甥

佣 甯 勇 甩、甫

• 角
• 甬 yǒng, dòng - path (screened by walls on both sides); river in Ningbo; Ningbo [a bell] (龴)

町 㽗 思 留 壨 申

• 車, 里
• 由 Yóu - by, from, due to, because of ; cause ; to follow, to let one determine. orig. helmet (冂一丨一)
• 甲 Jiǎ - First, armor, nail, orig: turtle shell. (冂二丨)
• 申 Shēn - 9th earthly branch; to state, to extend; 3-5 p.m.; lit. a bolt of lightning (冂二丨)
• 电 Diàn - electricity; to got/give an electric shock (日乚)
• 畫/画 Huà - painting; to draw, to picture (一凵)
• 富/冨 Fù - rich, wealthy; lit. a house/roof + filled (宀畐)
• 畐 fú - (obsolate) full, filled, a kind of container or vessel (一口)
• 一口田
• 奄 Yǎn - suddenly, at once, wholly; castrate; to cover; lit. 大 "big" + 申 "extend" = to cover. (大电)
• 俺 Ǎn - informal. I, me (亻奄)

𤴓 楚 胥 疏 疌、疏、疎

• 是/昰 Shì - to be, to exist; righ, correct; yes; orig. 早 earl, day, 之 this.
• 蛋 Dàn - egg, testicle; egg-shaped; lit. roll insect; orig. 虫 “snake, insect” + 延 (Yán) “delay” (虫疋)

病 症 痛 癌 癖

癷 発 發 癹

• 登 Dēng - to go up; to publish, to run (a story, an ad, etc.); to ripen, to ripe [豆 raised object or stepping stone + two hands = to climb, to rise]

㿟 皆 皛

• 的 De - of, possessive particle ; suffix “-ific” and “-atic ; between adjective and noun (omitted when the association is frequent); end of sentence: nominal expression, for emphasis
  • 勺 sháo - spoon, ladle; unit of volume (勹 bāo, 丶 zhǔ)
• 百 Bǎi - hundred

彼 波 玻 皯、皰、皴

• 披 Pī - Phi, to wear, to put on, to unroll, separate (扌)

盂 盉 盍 監 蘯 盃、盅

• 盘 Pán - plate, tray, dish, set, game, disk; to coil, to twist, to make over (舟)
• 盜/盗 Dào - to steal, to rob; thief, robber, bandit; orig. spitting into dash (次)

見 省 眠 眼 観 覧 盯、盱、盲

• 眼 (phonetic 艮 gēn)
• 直 Zhí - straight, directly, vertical, upright, just. orig: vertical stroke above the eye, looking straight ahead. (𠂇冂三一)
• 具 Jù - tool, equipment, device orig: 貝 “shell, money” + 廾 “two hands”.
• 算 Suàn - to calculate, to count, to plan; finally; orig: 竹 (“bamboo”) + 目 "eye" + 廾 "two hands" - counting rods or an abacus
• 睡 Shuì - to sleep, to go to bed, to sleep with(sex); [垂 土 flowers hanging from a plant] (㇒一艹士)

𡛺 柔 矜 矞

族 矩 短 雉

• 知 Zhī - to know, to perceive, to comprehend, to notify, to inform (口 kǒu)

岩 砂 破 砳 磊

• 码 Mǎ - code, number, yard; orig. stone + fonetic "gambling chip" (马 mǎ)
• 破 Pò - to break, to solve. orig. "stone" + "skin" (皮)

礼 奈 祭 視 禁 福 礽

• 社 Shè - society, club, group, agency; orig. "god, deity" + 土 "soil" = god of the soil
• 亍 Chù - to step with the right foot; based on.
• 神 Shén - god, spirit, deity, look, divinity; magical, supernatural; lit. altar + 申 a bolt of lightning

禹 禺 禽

• 禺 Yú - area, district; time before noon, around 9–11 a.m.; orig. 甶 (“head of a ghost”) + 禸 (“to trample”) – a kind of monkey.
• 偶 Ǒu - idol(with 像); couple, pair; even (number); I (slang, cute-sounding); accidental, image, mate

利 季 科 秂 秏 禿

• 和 hé - sum, peace; add; together; to mix; hormonious (口 kǒu)
• 私 Sī - private, personal, secret (厶 sī)
• 种 Zhǒng - kind, plant, seed, species; lit. rice within
• 科 Kē - branch of study; administrative section; division, branch, field; stage directions; family (taxonomy); rules, laws; to mete out (punishment); to levy (taxes etc); to fine sb. [ grain + 斗 “measuring tool”]
• 程 Chéng - Procedure, weights and measures, measurements of all kinds; rules; model; lit. grain submit/appear(entrance royal) (呈)
  • 呈 chéng - to submit, to present, to show (口(王or𡈼))
• 稱/称 Chēng - to weigh, to call, to name; suitable (rice + 爯 a 爪 hand holding a 冉 fish or 尓 your )
• 穩/稳 wěn - stable, steady, sure, settled (㥯/急)
  • 急 jí - rapid, urgent, anxious; emergency, urgency; to warry; ex. 急了 anxious. [及(⺈lack手hand +心feeling] (⺈⺕丶乚丶丶)
• 秘/祕 Mì - secret, secretary; rare; to keep secret (必)
• 秀 (Xiù) - show, beautiful, elegant; lit. 禾 (“rice plant”) + 引 (“to draw out flowers”) or 乃 resembling a fruit/an ear hanging off a plant. — blooming of a rice plant.
• 季 (Jì) - season, время года, youngest brother, Classifier for harvests. (禾 grain + 子 baby)

突 窅 窘 窩 窶 竇

• 空 Kōng - empty, bare ; air, null, sky (工)
• 突 Tū - sudden; to dash, to charge; lit. 穴 (“cave; den”) + 犬 (“dog”) – a dog suddenly coming out of a den.

• 産 竝 端 競 竸
• 站 Zhàn - station, site, to stop, to stand, to halt. orig: stand + 占 observe = tower like
• 位 Wèi - position, bits, throne, people(honorific); to arrange; to set out; lit. 亻man + 立 “stand” - standing soul
• 咅 pòu - (not used alone) to spit out; to curse at, to scold
• 音 Yīn - sound, voice, tone, news, note, pronunciation; sonic; orig. 言 “word” with something in 口 “mouth”, (日) - инь
• 意 Yì - meaning, intention, idea, desire ; to imply, to suggest (音 tone 心 heart)
• 新 Xīn - new, fresh, newly (斤)
  • 亲 Qīn - relative, parent, to kiss, close, dear (朩)
• 产 Chǎn - to give birth; to bring forth; to produce; etc.; lit. something standing on the top (亠丷厂)

竺 笁 簡

• 筯 Zhù - chopsticks

• 助 zhù - help, aid, assist; orig. 且 erect penis + strong arm (力)

  • 且 qiě, jū - moreover, also (post-subject); about to, will soon (pre-verb);

  orig. sacrificial vessel, erect penis, a stone altar,

• 等 Děng - to wait; till, when; grade, rank, class, kind (寺 temple)
• 笑 Xiào - laugh, laughing, smile, laughter; to laugh, to smile; orig. “grass” + 犬 “dog” (夭)
• 簽/签 Qiān - to sign, to autograph; note, slip of paper;
• 笨 Bèn - fool; stupid; (本)
• 第 Dì - No.; prefix before a number: 第二 second; sequence, grade, degree (弟)

料 䊏 奥 麟

• 数 Shù - number, count, figure, calculation, fate; several, the best, to count, to calculate; frequently (攵 suī 女 nǚ)
• 类 Lèi - kind, class, type; to class, to type, to sort (大)
• 断 Duàn - to break, absolutely, cut off (𠃊/乚米斤)
• 糟 Zāo - bad; dregs; draff; pickled in wine; rotten, messy, ruined [alcohol dregs] (曹(一曲曰))
• 糕 Gāo - cake, pastry [rice sheep fire] (羔𦍌灬)

缸 缺 㓡 窑

• 系 Xì - department; faculty; orig. tying or binding something together with strings or ropes
• 索 Suǒ - Threads (rope) 糸 being removed from a fabric 十冖.

• 编 Biān - to compile, to edit, to arrange; book, copy (纟扁)

  • 扁 Biǎn - flat; small boat; orig: 戶 “door” + 冊 “bamboo tablets” – to inscribe

  on the door.

  • 冊 cè - book, volume; orig: bamboo slips strung together.
• 纸 Zhǐ - a paper; lit. silk + clan mark (氏)
• 级 Jí - level, class, grade, rank, degree; lit. silk + 及 to reach.
• 经 Jīng - to pass through; after, past; warp; classical. [a (糸 silk/thread) running lengthwise in a woven fabric] (巛/スriver工)
• 维 Wéi - to maintain, to preserve; dimension, thinking, thought [纟隹 bird]

罕 䍑 䍞 𦋐 羅 罔、罕、罘

• 风
• 刚 Gāng - adv. just, barely; adj. firm, hard; (刂)

着 羞 羚 翔 羋、羌

• 美 Měi - beautiful, good, pretty; US/USA; orig. 羊 “ram or feathers” + 大 “person” (𦍌大)
• 样 Yàng - sample, kind, type, way, appearance, manner; printed (木)
• 群 Qún - group, herd; group theory; numerous, many; Classifier of groups; to hang out with. [君(尹口) mouth and hand holding a rod + 羊 sheep]

習 翀 翁 翔

孝 耇 㐗 耋 考、耆

• 者 Zhě - by, person, one who does, suffix -er, -ist, -or; orig. end of a command (猪 Zhū - pig) (耂 old 白 white or 日 sun)
• 教 Jiào - teaching, class, religion ; to teach, to instruct [old + 子 child + 攵攴 hand with something]
• 考 Kǎo - to check, to test, to have an exam [old man hardly leaning on a cane]

耎 耍 耐 耑

耔 耝 耨 耰

聞 職 聶

• 职 Zhí - position, office, duty (to hear 只 口+八 airflow coming out of a mouth)
• 取 Qǔ - to take, to get, to fetch, to seek, to aim; orig. 耳 “ear” + 又 “hand” - to take an enemy's ear and carry it in one's hand - Цюй
• 敢 Gǎn - dare; dare to [乛grab 耳 ear 攵 hand, orig. 彐 snout + mouth + hand]
• 闻 Wén - to hear, to smell, to listen; famous; story, smelling (门)
• 聊 Liáo - to chat, to kill time, to rely on; just, slightly (卯 sacrifice by cut in half or form of gates.(㇒𠃋丿卩))

𦘒 律 書 衋

肏 𦞳 𦞴 腅 脤

• 胜 shèng - victory, to win; beautiful(scenery), woderful(view) [meat produce] (⺼生)

臥 宦 臦 蔵

臫 息 臬 臲

致 臸 臺 臷

• 到 Dào - to arrive, to reach ; up [至 to arrive + 刂 dāo knife]
• 倒 Dào - to fall, to fail, to go bankrupt, to change (trains or buses), to move around, to resell at a profit [one reach]

桕 舅 舂 插

舍 舐、舑

• 話/话 Huà - to talk, words, word, dialect, speach ; lit. 讠word/tangue + tangue
• 甜 Tián - sweet (甘 gān)
• 适 Shì - suitable, proper, to fit, to suit
• 乱 Luàn - disorder, chaos; disorderly; lit. tongue + 乚 go to hidden.
• 活 Huó - to live, to make live, to work, to sex, to produce; living, flexible; work, job; lit. tangue with water (氵)

舛 舜 桀 舞

航 船 艉 艦

垦 䬶

• 很 Hěn - very, quite, much [彳 step strong]
• 良 Liáng - good, beautiful; very; excellent

色 艴 艷

落 幕 薬

• 草 Cǎo - damn!; grass, straw; rough, careless, hasty (早)
• 花 Huā - a flower, a bloom, to spend, flowery [grass + 化 person (亻) + spoon]
• 英 Yīng (艹cǎo央Yāng。central 冂大) - Britain, a flower, brave
• 茶 chá - tea, tea plant (人木)
• 苦 Kǔ - bitter, painful, miserable; the pain; to suffer; painstakingly; lit. "bitter plants" (古)
• 节 Jié - knot, node, joint, festival; (卩 seal)

虐 彪 虒

• 虎 Hǔ [卜厂匕几] - Tiger
• 虛/虚 Xū - virtual, false, empty, weak; void, emptiness; in vain (业) - Сюй

蚯 蚓 強 触 䖵 蟲

• 蛇 Shé - snake, serpent (它 Tā - it (宀匕))

洫 衁 衅 衆

衍 術 䡓 衝

• 彳亍 (Chì chù) - walk slowly. to step with left foot to step with right foot (彳亍)

初 被 装 裁 複

• 装 Zhuāng - to dress, to pretend, to install; dress (装的 pretending) (壮(丬士) strong 衣)
• 补 Bǔ - repair; to fix; to compensate; to recompense; to make up for; etc.” (卜)

栗 䙳 票 覊

• 要 Yào - to want, to ask for; important; orig: a woman (女) with two hands pointing to her midsection [west/cover woman]
• 嫖 piáo - prostitute, whore, Yao
• 票 Piào - ticket; coupon; lit. cover + 示 reveal/altar. (Piào)
• 漂 Piào - to drift, to roam, come to nothing, to bleach; rinse (氵)

覞 親 覺 觀

• 现 Xiàn - now, cash; current; to appear, to manifest, to become visible; lit. briliant meeting moment (王 wáng)
• 觉 Jué - to sleep, to feel; sleep; orig. 𦥯 (pair of hands + marks 𦥑冖爻) (小⺍small+冖cover)

觚 觕 觥 觸

• 确 Què - correct, indeed; true, real, accurate; lit. right high/horn(石) - Цюэ
• 解 Jiě - solution; to solve, to untie, to divide, to remove; solving ; lit. horn 刀 knife 牛 cow = to cut up.

䚰 訌 詔 評 詗 詥 誩 譶

• 词 Cí - word, term
• 講/讲 jiǎng - talk, to talk, to speak, to tell, to speak (language), to explain. [word neat] (井)
• 语 Yǔ - language, speach, dialect; spoken (吾)
  • 吾 wú - I, my (五 + 口 mouth)
• 谢 Xiè - to thank, thank-you (射 Shè)
• 试 Shì - to try, to test; test, experiment, exam, experimentation (式 standard)

• 议 Yì - to discuss, to talk; to argue; negotiated [讠word乂intersect/regulate丶fast]

  • 义 1. right conduct; righteousness; justice; morality; ties 2. 叉 Chā fork; to

  use a fork; to pick up with a fork; (乂丶)

• 谨 Jǐn - sincerely, respectfully; orig. a person being burned in a sacrificial ceremony (堇)
• 该 Gāi - Should, ought to; to owe (亥 - depiction uncertain, grass root, a pig in 12 Earthly Branche)
• 诉 Sù - to tell [word scold/opposite](斥斤丶)
• 认 Rèn - to recognize, to know, to understand; to acknowledge; to accept; to agree (讠speech + 人 person = have contact)
• 识 Shí - knowledge; to know, to record; awarness [speach 只just/simply]

谿 豀 卻 焀

豈 豇 豎 豐

豖 豚 豩 燹

• 象 Xiàng - elephant, appearance, shape; to resemble, to seem; like; ⺈ the trunk + heade and body.
• 像 Xiàng - picture, image, likeness; to be like; similar to;

豹 貌 貓 貈 貉

財 賊 賜 贛 貧 貨 賏 贔

• 责 Zé - responsibility, duty, to blame
• 負/负 Fù - to carry, to bear, to burden, to go against, to lose; negative (wealth + 勹 bending over)
• 員/员 Yuán - member, suffix for professions; 〇 indicating the top edge of a 鼎 (ding) - round; Original from 圆 (口)
• 则 Zé - but, then; criterion, rule, regulation; to follow; Classifier for news, writings, stories; [cooking or sacrificial rituals] (刂)
• 测 Cè - to test, to measure [water regulation] (氵则)
• 账 Zhàng - account. [valuable long hair] (长)
• 货 Huò - goods, merchandise, products. [化 Huà transform + money = valuable goods]
• 败 Bài - to lose, to be defeated; failure; faulty. [贝 “cowry shell” falling off the 攵 “hand, action”]
• 贵 Guì - expensive, costly, precious, valuable [中一 tight around column + money]

赫 赧 赭 赬

赴 趲

• 起 Qǐ - to rise, to start, to begin; lit. walk self (己,巳 jǐ) - Ци
• 趣 Qù - interest; interesting; lit. to hasten (walking) towards an object of interest. (取 ear hand) - Цюй
• 超 Chāo - overtake, ultra, super lit. 走 run + 召 to call out (knife mouth)

䟔 䟖 跀 跖 踀 趴、趵、趷

• 踢 Tī - Kick; to kick (易 “to change; to alter” (日勿 “ blood on a knife;”))
  • 易 Yì - easy, gentle; easily; to exchange; to interchange; to change; to alter;

躬 躲 軀

• 射 Shè - to shoot, ejaculate, to cum (寸 cùn)

軌 軟 較 䡛 轟 軋 軍

• 软 Ruǎn - soft; flexible; pliable; soft; gentle; mild; relaxed [car + 欠 to cower]

辜 辟 辣 辦 辡

辱 唇 脣 農

巡 𨑨 𨑬 追 逃 迎 進

• 道 Dào - path, road, street, method, technique, way, Taoist ; to say, to talk (首 shǒu)
• 这 Zhè - this, these; now, here; orig. 辶 “walk” + 言 = was to meet, then changed.
• 还 Hái - still, yet, also, besides, else ; to return, to pay back; any more; lit. not for a long time (不 Bù 辶)
• 进 Jìn - to enter, drilling, to advance [to go in order] (井)
• 过 Guò - to pass, to pass through, go across; verbal complement: over ; particle: already, again [pass 寸 pulse]. 不过 (Bùguò) but
• 送 Sòng - to deliver, to send; lit. closed during distance (关)
• 逼 Bī - to pressure, narrow, crowded lit. long + container 畐(一口田)
• 迟 Chí - late, dalayed, slow
• 迎 Yíng - to meet, to welcome (卬 a man standing and a man kneeling)
• 造 Zào - to make, to build, to invent, to educate, to train [辶 to walk, 告 to announce]
• 通 tōng tòng - pass through, common, communicate; classifier for an activity [pass path] (甬)
• 选 Xuǎn - selected; to choose; selection [先 - 牛 cow 儿 son]
• 退 Tuì - to retreat, to return, to quit [艮 blunt/tough + move out]

邦 郎 郭 鄉

• 哪 Nǎ - which, what, final particle (口 kǒu)
• 那 Nà - than; that; those; how
  • 冄 rǎn - tender; weak; gradually alternating (𠃌二丿)
• 都 Dōu - all, both; capital; entirely (者 Zhě)
• 部 Bù - classifier of computer/devices/films/literature; department, ministry; section, part [咅 to spit out 阝palace]

酊 酗 酒 醒 酸

• 配 Pèi - to match, to join, to deserve, to mix; 酉 (“alcohol vessel”) + 卩 (“kneeling person”).

番 悉 釉 釋

• 來/来 Lái - to come, to arrive; incoming [木tree 从from or 未 not yet 丷 to distinguish]
• 采 Cǎi - to pick, to collect; collection, picking, gathering [爫 hand grabbing 木 tree]
• 菜 Cài - vegetable, dish, cuisine [艹 grass/plant + 采 picked]

野

• 重 Zhòng - prefix: re- ; heavy, important ; weight, iteration; again; to double, to repeat ; orig: a man carrying heavy 千 bags standing on the ground.; lit. big measure (㇒一里)
• 董 dǒng - to direct, to supervise; director, supervisor (艹weed重a man carrying bags)
• 懂 Dǒng - Understand
• 單/单 Dān - single, odd; alone, only; list, sheet, bill; [Y-shaped wooden stick with rope around, collection of simple things: 甲 turtle shell + 丷 divide + 十 finish/armor] (丷日十)

釓 釔 釞 釗 釙 釘 釥 鍂 鑫 𨰻

• 键 Jiàn - a key, button, door bolt, lock bolt; key; etc.(建)
• 链 Liàn - chain (连)
  • 连 Lián - even, repeatedly; to connect; company; orig. man-drawn carriage (辶车)

髟 肆 镽 镾

閃 閄 閊 𨳍 問 闁 𨶹

• 们 men - plural marker for pronouns (人)
• 问 Wèn - to ask, to inquire; unsolved; question [when we look at the door we ask the question] (口)
• 简 Jiǎn - simple, terse, succinct, letter (竹 zhú 亇)
• 間/间 Jiān - between, among; room; to separate; measure word for rooms (日 Rì)

阪 阻 陘 院 险 陳

• 陆 lù - land (凵; 手扌hand) or mountain with eath?
• 防 Fáng - to defend, to protect
• 阻 Zǔ - to block; obstacle (阝a row of hills + 且erect penis)

• 逮 Dǎi - to catch, to arrest
• 康 Kāng - peaceful
• 隸/隶 Lì- slave

隺 倠 集 雙 雔 雥 雦 隻、隼、隽

• 唯 wéi - only. 唯一 wéiyī [only one]
• 谁 Shéi - who?,whose,anyone,whoever (言讠yán - word)
• 难 Nán - disaster, difficulty, problem; difficult, hard, troublesome (又)
• 集 Jí - set, collection; to collect, to gather; collected ; orig. three birds on tree (木)

雪 電 霝 霜 靐 䨻

• 需 Xū - to need, to require, to want; necessary, necessity; required; orig. a person (天) under the rain (雨) (而)

靕 靖 靚 靜

• 请 Qǐng - to ask, to request, to invite, to hire; please, kindly; orig. word + 青 green (讠) - Цин

剕 靟 靠 輩

勔 靦 靧 靨

靴 鞍 鞅 鞍 鞭

韌 韓 韜 韞

韱 䪤 韲

歆 韶 𩐠 䪭

項 順 須 領 頭 頩 頂 顨

• 题 Tí - question, title, problem; to inscribe (是 exist 页 headache)
• 须 Xū - to must, to have to; necessary; beard, palpus lit. 彡 bristle + 页 head

颱 飄 颩 䬕 飍 颭、颮

𢝵 𢞵 飜 飝

飯 飲 餓 餘 餐 養 my:

• 饭 fàn - cooked rice; food, meal

  • 反 fǎn, fān - reverse, opposite, contrary, anti (又 yòu - and, also, again, in

  addition)

馗 馘

• 道 Dào - road, method, way, Taoist, to say (辶 chuò 首 shǒu)

䭯 馥 馨 馫

馰 馴 馽 駐 騳 驫

• 码 Mǎ - code, number (石 shí)
• 吗 Ma - final interrogative particle for question, morphine (口 kǒu)
• 骂 Mà - to chide; to blame; to curse; to swear;(吅neighbor/argue)

骼 髒 髀 骿 骾

㪣 髚 髛 髜

• 搞 Gǎo - to do, to make, to get, to set up, to engage in. lit. 扌hand + phonetic 高

髮 鬚 鬆 鬍 髦

鬧 鬪 鬬 鬮

鬰 鬱

䰙 鬶 鬷 鬸

• 隔 Gé - to separate, to block; partition; after an interval of, at a distance from; orig. a row of hills (阝) + pottery

魂 魁 鬽 魄

魜 魞 䰲 魝 𩵚 䲆 鱻 䲜

鳫 鳮 鳱 鳳 鳴 鳿 雞 鳴 鴻 鴛

卥 卣 鹼 鹽 䴝

塵 麃 麋 麉 麟

麴 麵 麱 麨 麺

麽 麼 魔 㸏

黊 黌

黏 黎 䵚 黐

䵝 默 點 黛

黺 黼 黻

鄳 鼈 黿 鼆

鼏 鼒 䵻

鼕 瞽 鼗 鼘

鼢 鼣 鼤 鼺

鼼 劓 鼽 鼿

齋 齏 齎 齏

䶚 齡 齠 齗

龑 聾 龖 龘

龝 䶰

䶳 𦒈 龥 龤

邺、丵、黹、虚

• 亚 Yà - Asia; second, inferior, subordinate
• 显 Xiǎn - to show, obvious; prominent; conspicuous; visible; to appear; to manifest; to display;

• 我的… (wǒ de) my
• …是我的 (shì wǒ de): … is mine
• 令尊 (lìngzūn) - your father - (respectful) your

• 同 Tóng - same
• 有人 Yǒurén - someone, somebody
• 都 Dōu - all, both; capital; entirely
  • 都是夜猫子 (Dōu shì yèmāozi) - They are all night owls

自己 (zì jǐ) - A reflexive pronoun is a pronoun that refers to another noun or pronoun (its antecedent) within the same sentence.

• 他喜歡他自己 (Tā xǐ huàn tā zì jǐ) - He likes himself.
• 我自己喜欢 (Wǒ zì jǐ xǐ huàn) - I, myself, like it.

• 这个人 (this person - the third-person)
• 这位法官 (Zhè wèi fǎguān): this judge (the third-person)
• 这间公司 (Zhè jiān gōngsī): this company (the third-person)
• 本人 = this person (the first-person) –> this person (I myself)
• 本官 = this judge (the first-person) –> this judge, (I myself)
• 本公司 = this company (the first-person) –> this company (our company)
• 这个星期六 - Zhège xīngqíli - this Saturday (this)
• 本週六 - Běn zhōu liù - this Saturday (current)
• 今個世紀 - Jīn gè shìjì - today centery (now in this centery)
• 本世紀 - Běn shìjì - this century, in this century
• 今年 - Jīnnián - this year
• 本年度 - Běn Niándù - the current year (year degree,spend,time)

there 那儿 - Nà'er (That Son)

here

• 这儿 (this Son)
• 这里 (this inside)

那个房子是我的。(Nàge fángzi shì wǒde) The house is mine.

这个啊 (Zhège a) - This one

那你试试 (Nà nǐ shì shì): Then give it a try

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_pronouns

• Hello
  • 你好 (nǐ hǎo) - for regular, for equal
  • 你们好 (Nǐmen hǎo) - for more than one person
  • 您好 (Nín hǎo) - for respect
  • 哈啰 - ha1 lo5 - Hello
  • 欸 (Āi): Hey!
• 很高兴认识你 (hěn gāoxìng rènshí nǐ) - nice to meet you. [very happy know you]
• 你吃饭了 or 吃饭了 (Chīfànle) - Hello in traditional or Northern China.
• 大家好 (Dàjiā hǎo) - Hello everybody! lit. 'big family good'
  • 大家 does mean 'everyone'
• 家人们，… (Jiā rénmen) Dear friends, … [family members]
• Good morning!
  • 早 Zǎo
  • 早上好 (Zǎoshàng hǎo)
• Good evening! - 晚上好 (Wǎnshàng hǎo) [night previous good]
• Good night. - 晚安 (Wǎn'ān) - [night secure]
• 欢迎来到 (Huānyíng lái dào) - Welcome to …
  • 欢迎 Huānyíng - welcome (happy to_meet)
  • 来到 Lái dào - to come (come arrive/reach)
• 请进 (Qǐng jìn) - Please come_in/enter.
• 请坐 (Qǐng zuò) - Please sit down.
• 好吗？(Hǎo ma) - How is (it)?
  • 不错 (Bùcuò) - Ok, not bad.
• 有啥新东西? (Yǒu shà xīn dōngxī?) What's new? lit. Have what new thing?

最近怎么样？(Zuìjìn zěnme yàng) - "how have you been lately?" [most near how like]

see 15

• 再见 (Zàijiàn): goodbye - Цзайцзянь
  • 再 again
  • 见 see, meet
• 拜拜 (Bàibài): Bye-Bye
• 回头见 (Huítóu jiàn) - See you later. lit. Later meet.
• 再见 (Zàijiàn): goodbye. lit. Again/another meet.
• 明天见 (míngtiān): see you tomorrow
• 初次见面 (Chūcì jiànmiàn): Nice to meet you. lit. First time meeting.
• 认识你很高兴 (Rènshí nǐ hěn gāoxìng)
  • It's nice to meet you. lit. Recognize you very glad.
• 珍重再见 (zhēn zhòng zài jiàn)- formal goodbye; lit. “so long and farewell.”

好累，睡觉睡觉

• (Hǎo lèi, shuìjiào shuìjiào)
• So tired, go to sleep

• 也是 (Yěshì) - Too, also
• 乞讨 (qǐ tǎo) - begging, to beg (begging discuss)
• 这个了 (Zhègele) - This is it. ; 就这个了 (Jiù zhègele)
• 哪里人 (Nǎlǐ rén) - Where are you from? lit. where person?
• 需要 (Xūyào) - need, want, demand; to need, to want, to demand; required
  • 我需要钱 (Wǒ xūyào qián) I need money
• 我忘了 (Wǒ wàngle) - I forgot.
• 算了 (Suànle) - forget it.
• 算了, 不折腾了 (Suànle, bù zhētengle) - Forget it, don’t bother anymore
• 没事了 (Méishìle) - never mind, forget it, it's OK. lit. don't metter this.
• 看错了 (Kàn cuòle) - I was wrong; lit. saw wrong.
• 我不管 (Wǒ bùguǎn) - I do not care (no care)
• 无所谓 (Wúsuǒwèi) - doesn't matter (no place meaning)
• 我不在乎 (Wǒ bùzàihū) - I do not care (no exist almost)
• 足够了 (Zúgòule) - That's enough! lit. sufficient enough
• 好久不见 (Hǎojiǔ bùjiàn) "Long time no see" Haven't seen [you] in a long time.
  • 好久不 見 (Mandarin traditional), 好 耐 冇 見 (Cantonese).
• 你干了啥 (Nǐ gànle shà) What did you do? (什么 shénme)
• 这要看情况 Zhè yào kàn qíngkuàng - it depends on the situation (it want look condition) - Кань Цин Куан
• 真的吗 Zhēn de ma - Really? (real of) - Чжэнь Дэ Ма
• 我在开玩笑 Wǒ zài kāiwánxiào - I am kidding (I in joke/fun(open play laugh))
• 附近有地铁吗 Fùjìn yǒu dìtiě ma? - Is there a subway nearby? (nearby have subway)
• 请快一点儿 Qǐng kuài yīdiǎnr - please hurry up - Цин Куай И Дянь Эр
• 例如， Lìrú, - for example … [example like]- Ли Жу
• 看看这个 Kàn kàn zhège - check this out! - Кань Кань Чжэ Гэ
• 看一下这个 Kàn yīxià zhège - look at this! - Кань И Ся Чжэ
• 跌个毛啊 (Diē gè máo a): What a loss/shame. [fall piece hair surprise!]
• 慢走 màn zǒu - take care on the way. [slow walk] - Мань Цзоу
• 我知道了 (Wǒ zhīdàole) - I know now = I got it
• 有了 (Yǒule) - Got it
• 明白了 (Míngbáile) - Got it
• 懂了 (Dǒngle) - understood, got it
• 弄好了 (Nòng hǎole) - done, finished; lit. done good
• 可以了 (Kěyǐle) - That's it, OK!; lit. may with - Кэ И Лэ
• 你怎么了？(Nǐ zěnmeliǎo) - What's wrong with you? lit. you how now?
• 原来如此 (Yuánlái rúcǐ) - I see. lit turn out to be, in this way (according_to this)
• 有道理的 (yǒu dàolǐ de) - it makes sense. lit. have reason
• 同性恋 (Tóngxìngliàn) - homosexual love
  • 同性 (Tóngxìng) - homosexual (same sex/gender)
• 熟女乱伦 (Shúnǚ luànlún) - MILF Incest. lit. skilled woman chaos relationship
• 怎么你了 (Zěnme nǐle) - What's wrong with you?
• 令人不爽 (Lìng rén bùshuǎng) - Disgusting; lit. cause (command man) not cool
• 期待了 (Qídàile) - Looking forward to it
• 点东西 something(a_bitof staff/things)
• 你猜猜看 (Nǐ cāi cāi kàn) - Guess it!
• 你猜 (Nǐ cāi) - you guess!
• 猜猜看！(Cāi cāi kàn!) - guess!
• 别当混蛋！(Bié dāng húndàn!): Don't be an asshole!
• 啥情况 (Shà qíngkuàng): what's going on. [what situation]
• 只是打听下 (Zhǐshì dǎtīng xià): Just asking around, just explore
• 只是打探下 (Zhǐshì dǎtàn xià): 下 indicate that brieflity or without much formality.
• 2024年 你们在干嘛 (Nǐmen zài gàn ma): in 2024, you in doing ma?

我好像明白你们的意思了

• (Wǒ hǎoxiàng míngbái nǐmen de yìsile)
• I seem to understand what you mean.
• lit. I seem understand your meaning
• 意思 (Yìsi) meaning, sense, fun (meaning think)

累死我了。 。 。 (Lèi sǐ wǒle): I'm exhausted. . .

• 累 (Lèi) - tired, weary; to accumulate, to tire; heap
• 死 (Sǐ) - to die; deadly; rigid;

谢谢。OK。我去看看 (Wǒ qù kàn kàn): I gonna go see

哟，谁家小孩来了 (Yō, shéi jiā xiǎohái láile)

• Oh, whose kid is here? (lit. whose family kid has come)
• 小孩 (xiǎo hái) - Means "child" or "kid".

别这样吧 (Bié zhèyàng ba): Don't be like this

全場一折 全 - all 折 Zhé discount

这种不会没感觉啊

• (zhè zhǒng bùhuì méi gǎnjué ā )
• I don't feel this way.

穷蛆们羡慕了吗?:-D

• (Qióng qūmen xiànmùle ma )
• Poor maggot have been envious?

这狗狗是真 要废了押

• (Zhè gǒu gǒu shì zhēn yào fèile yā)
• This dog really needs to be jailed
• this dog really want wasted arrest

• 先生 - xiānsheng - господин
• 先生们 - xiānsheng men - господа
• 女士 - nǚshì - дама, lady, madam, Ms., Miss
• 女士们- nǚshì men - дамы
• 太太 Tàitài - Mrs

see 32.7 male:

• 同志 (tóng zhì) - товарищ
• 同志们 (tóng zhì men) - товарищи
• 朋友 (péng yòu) - друг
• 朋友们 (péng yòu men) - друзья
• 同事 (tóngshì) - коллега, colleague
• 同事们 (tóngshì men) - коллеги, colleagues, coworkers
• 兄弟們 (Xiōngdìmen) - Bros
• 男性 (nánxìng) - n. male
• 佬们 (Lǎomen) - guys

请问您贵姓？(Qǐngwèn Nín guì xìng): May I ask your family name?

see 15.7

• 只 (Zhǐ) - just. ex. 我只用过这个(Wǒ zhǐ yòngguò zhège): I just used this.
• 哈哈哈 (Hā) - hahaha (口合unity)
• 呀 (Ya) - ah (口牙)
• 啊 (A) - ah
• 唉 (Āi) - Oh; Alas, …
• 是啊 (Shì a) - yeah
• 哦哦 (Ó ó) - oh oh
• 哟 (Yō) - Yo, oh
• 唔 (Wú) - Hmm, “Not” prefix.
• 马马虎虎 (Mǎmǎhǔhǔ) - so so - Ма Ма Ху Ху lit. "horse" and "tiger" - way to describe something as just okay or mediocre.
• 嗯嗯 (Ń ń) - Uh-huh; yeah, yeah! (恩 kindness; mercy; charity 因 depending on)
• 哇塞 (wāsài) - Wow! lit. wow stuff!
• 哇 (wā) - Wah, Wow
• 爆！(Bào) - Explode! Bomb! wtf!;爆！ 毛是改革派 (Bào! Máo shì gǎigé pài): bao! Mao was a reformist.
• 那好吧 (Nà hǎo ba) - Oh well
• 有那么 (Yǒu nàme) - So, lit. so that what …
  • 那么 (Nàme) - adv. So… ! ; lit. that eh/what!
• 哎呀 (Āiyā) - Oops, …
• 哎 (Āi) - Why, Hey, Alas
• 呗 (Bei) - just, Okay, to chant; 开呗 (Kāi bei): Open it, let's open it.
• 所以 (Suǒyǐ) - so … , forasmuch ; therefore; as a result of (place by/with/because)
• 嗷嗷确实，… (Áo'áo quèshí,) - Aaaaaaaah indeed, …
• 太对了 (Tài duìle) - exactly
• 真 (Zhēn) - really, trully, indeed; true, real
• 说得 (Shuō dé): should say (Speak must) …
• 不错 (Bùcuò) - no bad
• 土豪 (tǔháo) - rich rednecks
• 我嘞个去 (Wǒ lei gè qù) - what the hell (go)
• 我的天那 (Wǒ de tiān nà) - OMG!
• 胡说八道 (Húshuō bādào) - total nonsense (why say bad way)
• 开心果 (Kāixīn guǒ) happy person (pistachio nut)
• 一下 (Yīxià) … a bit, … for a moment
• 可能吧 (Kěnéng ba) - Maybe
• noob
  • 菜鸟 (Càiniǎo) newbie (dish bird)
  • 新手 (xīn shǒu) - beginner, newbie (new hand)
  • 笨蛋 (bèn dàn) - idiot, fool (stupid egg)
  • 门外汉 (mén wài hàn) - outsider, layman (gate outside chinese)
  • 弱鸡 (ruò jī) - weakling, wimp (weak chicken)
  • 无脑 (wú nǎo) - brainless, mindless (no brain)
  • 小白 (xiǎo bái) - little white, inexperienced
• 牛B or 牛逼 (niúbī) - fucking awesome (cow pussy) - Ню Би
• 多少次多少次 (Duōshǎo cì duōshǎo cì) - how many times… how many times…
  • 多少次多少次，你还是这样做 (nǐ háishì zhèyàng zuò)
  • "how many times, how many times, you still do it this way." (lit. you still such do)

祝你有美好的一天 ☕️

• Zhù nǐ yǒu měihǎo de yītiān ☕️
• Have a nice day ☕️

❤️祝您和您所爱的人平安幸福！

• ❤️Zhù nín hé nín suǒ ài de rén píng'ān xìngfú!
• ❤️Wishing you and your loved ones peace and happiness!

啊…好吧 A… Hǎo ba - ah… ok

唉，巨硬 (Āi, jù yìng): Oh, so hard.

哦 (ó):

• At Begining: doubt, realization or understanding
  • Example: 哦，我忘记了我的手机 - Oh, I forgot my phone.
    • (Ó, wǒ wàngjìle wǒ de shǒujī)
• At End: informality, warmth, friendliness
  • Example: 好好玩，但小心点哦。- It's fun, but be careful.
    • (Hǎo hǎowán, dàn xiǎoxīn diǎn ó.) xiǎoxīn carefull 点 a little bit

• 呢 (ne) - question, but often used in a more casual or friendly tone.
  • At the begining: 呢，你喜欢吃苹果吗? - So, do you like eating apples?
  • At the end: 你喜欢吃苹果呢? - Do you like eating apples, huh?

• 我去 Wǒ qù - I'm going to … - Во Цюй
• 左拐 Zuǒ guǎi - turn left
• 右拐 Yòu guǎi - turn right
• 一直走 Yīzhí zǒu - go straight (always walk)

places

• 厕所 Cèsuǒ - toilet/washroom/WC (toilet place) - Цэ Со
  • 洗手间 Xǐshǒujiān (wash hand space) - Си Шоу Цзянь
• 酒店 Jiǔdiàn - hotel - Цзю Дянь
• 银行 Yínháng - bank
• 地铁站 Dìtiě zhàn - metro station. ground iron station
• 号 Hào - number… or No.
• 路 Lù - road
• 弄 Nòng - alley, lane; 弄好了 done

• 多少钱 Duōshǎo qián - How much is it? (much few money?) - До Шао Цянь
• 太贵了 Tài guìle - too expensive - Тай ГуйЛэ
• 我不要 Wǒ bùyào - I do not want…
• 买单 Mǎidān - to pay the bill (to_buy sheet) - Май Дань
• 发票 Fāpiào - bill/invoice/receipt (issue ticket) - Фа Пяо
• 我随便看看 Wǒ suíbiàn kàn kàn - I just look around. - Во СуйБянь Кань Кань

• 吃好喝好 chī hǎo hē hǎo - eat well and drink well
• 慢慢吃 màn màn chī - eat slow
• 请慢用 qǐng màn yòng - here is your meal/drink, enjoy it. lit. please have it slow
• 吃吃吃 chī chī chī - eat, eat, eat

我的名字用中文怎么读？

• Wǒ de míng zì yòng zhōng wén zěn me dú?
• How to say my name in Chinese?

我的名字叫什么？用中文怎么读？

• Wǒ de míng zì jiào shén me? Yòng zhōng wén zěn me dú?
• What is my name? How to read in Chinese?

• 谢谢 (xiè xiè): Сесе ; 谢谢大 (Xièxiè dà) Thank you so much
• 多谢 (duōxiè): Thanks a lot (multi-thanks)
  • 多谢拉 (Duōxiè lā)
• 感谢 (Gǎnxiè): thank you very much! (feel thanks)
  • 感谢 厉害! (Gǎnxiè lìhài): Thank you, you are amazing
    • 厉害 (lìhài): is used to describe the person who has a special and extraordinary skill, or is able to do things that others can't do, is also a widely used mantra praise in people's real life society.
• 哪里哪里 (nǎlǐ nǎlǐ): you’re too kind. lit. Where where. Нали нали
• bù, bù, bù - 不 - A rough pronunciation would be bhoo bhoo bhoo.
• 辛苦 (xīnkǔ) стараться из всех сил, тяжело трудиться
• 辛苦了 (xīnkǔ le): благодарю за работу; мы молодцы, отличная работа
• 辛苦你了 (xīnkǔ nǐ le): спасибо тебе, благодарю тебя зато, что ты сделал
• 喜闻乐见 (Xǐwénlèjiàn): Happy to hear and see, happy to hear
• 您太客气了。(Nín tài kèqìle): You are too kind was.

After:

• 欢迎。(Huānyíng): welcome, всегда пожалуйста.
• 不客气 (Bù kèqì) - you are welcome. Don't be polite (quest smell). Не благодарствуй.
• 沒什么。(Méishénme): It's nothing.
• 不用谢。(Bùyòng xiè): Don't thanks. no need to thank. you are welcome.
• 不用客气，(随时)为你效劳。
  • (suíshí) wèi nǐ xiàoláo:
  • I'm at your service (any time)
• 好的, 谢谢你, 我看看
  • (Hǎo de, xièxiè nǐ, wǒ kàn kàn):
  • Okay, thank you, I'll take a look

请 Qǐng - please

行吗 xíng mǎ - Okay ma?

• 请教 (Qǐngjiào): please teach, consult …
• 请问 (Qǐngwèn): please question, …

救救我! (Jiù jiù wǒ): Help me!

请教 的 时间 …(Qǐngjiào de shíjiān) please tell what time …

请问，牛奶在什么地方 (Qǐngwèn, niúnǎi zài shénme dìfāng)

• please question, milk at where place? Excuse me, where is the milk?

我问个问题, … (Wǒ wèn gè wèntí): I ask one question,… Let me ask a question, ….

问一下，… (Wèn yīxià) I would like to ask, … [ask one cast]

求助，… (Qiúzhù) Ask for help, … lit. to beg help

请帮我在 .. (qǐng bāng wǒ zài…) : please assist me in …

姐妹们 帮个忙 谁会 (Jiěmèimen bāng gè máng shéi huì) Sisters, do me a favor, who will?

• 姐妹 (Jiěmèi) - sister [sister sister]
• 帮个忙 (bāng gè máng) - do me a favor [help one busy]
• 谁会 (shéi huì) - who can/will

• 我爱你 Во ай ни Wǒ ài nǐ
• 我 - я Wǒ
• 爱 - люблю ài
• 你 - тебя nǐ

• 不好意思 Bù hǎoyìsi - Excuse me (no good meaning think) - minor offenses - Бу Хао И Сы
• 对不起 Duìbùqǐ — Sorry (right no raise) (unworthy) - formal and serious. - Дуй Бу Ци
• 抱歉 Bàoqiàn — adj. I sincerely apologize, Feel sorry (to hold regret) - Бао Цянь
• 是我的错 shì wǒ de cuò — It’s my fault - Ши Во Дэ Цо
• 我错了 Wǒ cuòle — I was wrong; lit. I wrong - Во Цо Лэ
• 看错了 (Kàn cuòle) - I was wrong; lit. saw wrong.
• 是我不对 Shì wǒ bùduì — It’s my bad. (is my wrong)
• 打 da rao yi xia? TODO
• 打扰一下 (Dǎrǎo yīxià) - excuse me; lit. to disturb one time

answers:

• 没关系 Méiguānxì – It doesn't matter (without to concern line) - Мэй Гуань Си
• 别担心 (Bié dānxīn) — Don’t worry about it. (don't bear heart) - Бе Дань Синь
  • 担 dān - burden, load, carry, shoulder
  • 别 xīn - don't, other, another

• what? - shén mē？ - 什么？ - what ma? шень мэ
  • 何 Hé - what; adv. how, why; which; to carry
  • 多么? - Duōme - how/what (wonderful etc)
  • 孰? - shú - what? which one? who?
  • ex: 你想吃什么？(Nǐ xiǎng chī shén me?) - l: you think eat what? What do you want to eat?
• who? - shéi - 谁？- Шуй
  • 是谁？ Shì shéi? - Ши Шуй
  • 何人 Hérén - who
  • ex: 你认识谁？(Nǐ rènshí shéi?) - Who do you know? lit. you know who?
• where? - nǎ lǐ - 哪里？
  • 在哪里？ zài nǎ lǐ？ - около какой район?
  • 哪儿? Nǎ'er - where
  • ex: 你住在哪里？(Nǐ zhù zài nǎ lǐ?) - Where do you live? lit. you live in where?
• why? - wèi shén me？ - 为什么？ - для чего? lit. for what ma?
  • ex: 你为什么不去上班？(Nǐ wèishénme bù qù shàngbān?) - Why aren't you going to work?
  • ex: 你为什么要去？(Nǐ wèishénme yào qù?) - Why do you want to go?
  • 因为 Yīnwèi - because!

• how?

  • 怎么 (Zěnme) - how, why, what
  • 怎么样 (zěn me yàng) - how/why/what is it
  • 怎样 (zěn yàng) - short of 怎么样
  • 如何 (rú hé) - as what? (formal/written) - Жу Хэ. when 如何 in the end of
  • 好没 (hǎo méi) - good not?

  sentence ,it means 'what about'

  • ex: 这道菜怎么样？(Zhè dào cài zěn me yàng?) - How is this dish?
  • ex: 怎么办？(Zěn me bàn?) - What to do?
  • ex: 怎么做？(Zěn me zuò?) - How to do?
  • ex: 你怎么说的？(Nǐ zěn me shuō de?) - How did you say it?
  • ex: 你怎么说了？(Nǐ zěn me shuō le?) - Why did you say it?
• Which? - nǎ - 哪?
  • 哪个 (nǎ ge)
  • 哪些 (nǎ xiē) - which ones
  • Ex: 你喜欢哪个颜色？(Nǐ xǐ huān nǎ ge yán sè?) - Which color do you like?
  • Ex:你喜欢哪些电影？(Nǐ xǐ huān nǎ xiē diàn yǐng?) - Which movies do you like?
• when? - Shénme shíhòu - 什么时候?-
  • ex. 你什么时候回来？(Nǐ shén me shí hou huí lái?) - When are you coming back?
• whose? - Shéi de? - 谁的?

many-much

• how many?(>10) - 多少 ？ (Duōshǎo) - (many few)
  • ex. 这个苹果多少钱？(Zhè gè píng guǒ duō shǎo qián?) - How much does this apple cost?
• how many?(<10) - 几 ？ (Jǐ) - (several)
  • ex. 你有几个兄弟姐妹？(Nǐ yǒu jǐ gè xiōng dì jiě mèi?) - How many siblings do you have?
• how much? - 多少钱? (duō shǎo qián)
• how long? - 多久 /多长时间 (duō jiǔ /duō cháng shí jiān)
• how old? (>10) 多大 (duō dà)
• how old? (<10) 几岁 (jǐ suì)

请问 Qǐngwèn / 请问您 Qǐngwèn nín / 请问你 Qǐngwèn nǐ - Excuse me, May I ask …

写好没 (Xiě hǎo méi) lit. write, OK? - Have you finished writing?" or "Is it written well?"

干嘛 Gàn ma - what for? 干嘛删它 (Gàn ma shān tā): wtf you delete it?

吗 (ma), 呢 (ne), 吧 (ba)

• go at the end of a sentence.
• can form questions.
• are pronounced in neutral tone.
• 吗 (ma) is used to turn statements into yes-no questions.
• 呢 (ne) is mostly used to turn statements into queries (amongst other things).
• 吧 is confirm statemen. right?

吗 (ma)

• 可以吗 Kěyǐ ma - …, May I?
• 你是李先生吗？
  • Nǐ shì Lǐ Xiānshēng ma?
  • Are you Mr Li?
• 你会中文吗？
  • Nǐ huì Zhōngwén ma?
  • Do you speak Chinese?
  • Do you know Chinese??
• 这里有洗手间吗？
  • Zhèli yǒu xǐshǒujiān ma?
  • Is there a toilet here?
• 这是你的吗？
  • Zhè shì nǐ de ma?
  • Is this yours?
• 中肯吗
  • zhōngkěn mǎ
  • Is it pertinent? Уместно?

呢 (ne)

• 你呢？
  • Nǐ ne?
  • And you?
• 我呢？
  • Wǒ ne?
  • What about me?
• 这些东西呢？
  • Zhèxiē dōngxi ne?
  • What about these things?
• 你为什么不去呢？
  • Nǐ wèishénme bù qù ne?
  • Why aren't you going?
• 他有什么不喜欢吃的呢？
  • Tā yǒu shénme bù xǐhuan chī de ne?
  • What is there that he doesn't like to eat?
• 好吗 Hǎo ma - …, ok?
• 暗示谁呢 (ànshì shéi ne): "Who are you hinting at?"
  • 暗示 (ànshì): "to hint" or "to imply." [dark to show/indicate]

"㗎" (gā) - This is a Cantonese sentence-final particle that adds emphasis or a questioning tone to the statement.

https://www.howtosayinchinese.com/asking-questions-in-chinese-ma/

How old are you?

• 年龄多大 (niánlíng duōdà) - age much-big?
• 你多大年纪了? (Nǐ duōdà niánjìle?) - you much-big age was?

Answer: 回答 (Huídá) [return answer]

• 小于18 (Xiǎoyú) - smaller [little at]
• 45以上 (45 Yǐshàng) - Over 45 [by upper]
• 这是啥 (Zhè shì shá) What is this?
• 你好吗？ (nǐ hǎo ma) - how are you?
• 最近怎么样？ (zuì jìn zěn me yàng) - "how have you been lately?" [most near how like]

你会做菜吗? (Nǐ huì zuò cài ma?) - you able cook dish/food?

那意思 … 吗？

• Nà yìsi … ma?
• Does that mean … ?

这个是什么意思呢 (Zhège shì shénme yìsi ne): What does this mean?

不知道为啥 (Bù zhīdào wèi shà) - Don't know why. lit. Not know for what.

这样吗 (Zhèyàng ma) - Is this so?

能 … 吗? (Néng ma) Can I …?

怎么这么费时间

• (Zěnme zhème fèi shíjiān)
• How so spend/wasteful time.
• Why is it so time consuming?

哪里人 (Nǎlǐ rén): where are you from?

你说呢 (Nǐ shuō ne): You say waa?

会怎么样 (Huì zěnme yàng): what will happen?

• Will what kind?

怎么用中文说…

• (Zěnme yòng zhōngwén shuō)
• How use Chinese say …

这个怎么说?

• (Zhège zěnme shuō?)
• How do you say this?

请问，怎么说'你好吗'？

• (Qǐngwèn, zěnme shuō'nǐ hǎo ma'?)
• please question, how say: … ; How do you say 'how are you'?

这会有人买吗

• Zhè huì yǒu rén mǎi mǎ
• Will anyone buy this?
• lit. This will exist man buy?

• 有 yǒu - to have
• 是 shì - to be, this, yes/right, indeed (是日 shìrì this day)
  • 日 sun
  • 止 foot, stop, exact
• 就是 Jiùshì - lit. right is; 这就是中国 (Zhè jiùshì zhōngguó): This is China.
• 成为 (chéng wéi) - to be, to become, to turn into; lit. become for/to/as
• 做 zuò - to do, to make
  • 故 (gù) an effect by doing something.
    • 古 gǔ old, classic, ancient
    • 攴(攵) suī rap, tap
• 使 shǐ - to make, to cause, to enable. ex. 好使(Hǎo shǐ): Very useful
• 看 kàn - (hand eye/look/see) "to see" or "to watch"， objects are typically inanimate (i.e. not people). Watch the news 看新闻 Kàn xīnwén.
  • 看一下 (Kàn yīxià) - to take a look. 看了一下 (Kànle yīxià): I took a look
• 见 jiàn "to see" or "to meet", objects are typically people
• 看见 kànjiàn - have seen/watched, can see
• 看书 Kànshū - to read (for ex. a book)
• 看来 (Kàn lái) - It seems
• 查 Chá - to check, to investigate; ex. 查了一下 (Chále yīxià) - checked it!
• 阅读 Yuèdú - a reading, read(rare). reading and understanding the content of a subject thoroughly.
  • 读 Dú - to read (Read the news 读新闻 Dú xīnwén, Read the newspaper 读报纸 Dú bàozhǐ)
  • 阅 Yuè - reading - Йюе (not used alone)
• 说 Shuō - to speak, to say
• 講/讲 jiǎng - to say, to speak, to tell, to speak (language), to explain
• 吃饭 chī fàn - to eat (口 kǒu mouth 乞 qǐ beg; request)
• 喝 hē - to drink
  • 口 kǒu mouth
  • 曷 hé why?what?where? 曰 yuē say, 匃 gài beggar; beg; give
• 做饭 zuò fàn - to cook
• 写 xiě - to write
• 发音 Fāyīn - pronounce, to pronounce. (音 sound; 发 hair, to send)
• 听 Tīng - to listen, to hear, to isten to, to understand, obey, comply
• 学 xué - to learn
• 学习 Xuéxí шуэ си - study, to learn
• 学会 Xuéhuì - to learn ; lit. learn society/ability.
  • 要学会适应 (Yào xuéhuì shìyìng) must learn to adapt
• 适应 Shìyìng - to adapt, to fit; adaptation; [fit to + to comply/respond]
• 知道 Zhīdào - to know, to be aware of, to see (Know path/road/way)
  • 知 Zhī - the knowledge (矢 shǐ - arrow 口 kǒu - mouth) - good speak
  • 道 - path, road, street; method, way, Taoist
• 认 rèn Жэнь - admit / to recognize; to know; to understand; to acknowledge; to accept; to agree; etc.
  • 认识 (rènshi): to know %someone%
  • 认为 (rènwéi): to think, to believe
  • 以为 (Yǐwéi): to think, to believe, to consider
• 识 shí - to know, to record; knowledge; awareness (只)
• 明白 Míngbái - to understand, clear, obvious, clearness
  • 明 Míng - bright, next,
• 理解 Lǐjiě - to understand, to comprehend; understanding, comprehension
• 喜欢 xǐhuān - to like (happiness joyous)
  • 喜 - happiness (a drum on its stand and a hand striking it.)
• 爱/愛 ài - to love (breathe, hand? and co-operation?)
  • 爱上 (Ài shàng) fall in love with
• 停止 (tíngzhǐ) - to stop, to cease
• 要 yào - to want, to need
• 想 Xiǎng - to want, to think, to wish, to suppose. 我想想 (Wǒ xiǎng xiǎng): let me see
• 去 qù - to go, to remove, to leave - Цюй
• 步 Bù - "to go", to walk, to foot; walking; step, stage. orig. 止 + 止 "two foots"
• 往 Wǎng - go in a direction; toward; fro; past, bound ;往里进 (Wǎng lǐ jìn): Go in, go inside
• 给 gěi - to give (丝(sī) silk as gift 合(hé)unity)
• 拿 ná - to take, hold, bring, with (合(hé)unity 手(shǒu)hand)
• 取 Qǔ - to take, to get, to fetch, to seek, to aim
• 收 Shōu - to receive; income ; 收到 (Shōu dào) - to receive
• 找 zhǎo - to look for, to seek
• 能 néng - to be able to, can
• 可以 (Kěyǐ) - to can, to may, to able to; possibe (can with)
• 有 yǒu - to have
• 得到 Dédào - to get (have_to arrive)
• 得 Dé - have to, to get, must; ought to; finished; particle showing degree or possibility
• 冲完了 - finished
• 制造 Zhìzào - to make [system make] - Чжи Цзао
  • 告 gào tell, announce, inform
• 來/来 Lái - come
• 快了 kuàile - coming soon
• 思 Sī - to think, thought, to consider
• 用 yòng (юн) - use; 在用 (Zài yòng) currently using; 演示用 (Yǎnshì yòng) For demonstration.
• 搜 Sōu - search; to search. 搜索 (Sōusuǒ): to search, to find, look for; search
• 找到 Zhǎodào - to find (to_lookfor arrive) 找不到了 (Zhǎo bù dàole): Can't find it
• 告诉 Gàosù - to tell
• 问 Wèn - to ask
• 感觉 (Gǎnjué) - to feel (feel sleep)
• 成为 (Chéngwéi) - to become (become for)
• 打开/开 (dǎ kāi / kāi) - to open
• 离开 (Líkāi) - to leave a place or a person. (Leave open)
• 走开 (Zǒu kāi) - to go away, go away! (Walk open)
• 玩 (wán) - to play. ex. 各玩各的 (Gè wán gè de) Everyone plays their own game.
• 工作 (gōngzuò) - to work
• 打电话 (dǎ diànhuà) - to make a phone call
• 哭/哭哭 (Kū) - to cry
• 笑 (Xiào) - to laugh/smile, laugh/smile; 笑死我了(Xiào sǐ wǒle): Made me laugh to death
• 试 (Shì) - to try, to test; test, examination, experiment, fitting;
  • 我等下试试 (Wǒ děng xià shì shì) I'll try it later
• 估计 (Gūjì): to guess, to estimate. 估计是 (Gūjì shì) - guess so
• 猜 (Cāi): to guess, to suspect
• 换 (Huàn): to change, to exchange, to swap; change, exchange
• 解决 (Jiějué): to solve, to resolve, to settle, to decide
  • 解 (Jiě): to intie, to solve; solution
• 加入 (Jiārù): join in, become a member. 加入他们 join them!
• 站在 (zhàn zài): to stand, находиться.
• 杀 (Shā): to kill, to murder; murderous; in the extreme
• 杀人 (Shārén): to kill, to murder; homicide
• 死 (Sǐ): to die 要死了 (Yàosǐle): dying, going to die. lit. want to die; 想死 (Xiǎng sǐ): wanna die
• 开 (Kāi): to open
• 开始 (Kāishǐ): to start, to begin; initial; the begining
• 影响 (Yǐngxiǎng): to influence, to affect; influence, affect
• 送 (Sòng): to deliver, to send
• 显示 (Xiǎnshì): to show, to display, to demostrate. lit. obvious reveal
• 表明 (Biǎomíng): to show, to indicate, to reveal; evidence
• 适配 (Shì pèi): to adapt; adaptation; 快快适配 (Kuài kuài shì pèi): Adapt quickly

• 可以 (kě yǐ) - can, may
• 必须 (bì xū) - must, have to
• 应该 (yīng gāi) - should, ought to
• 该 (Gāi) - should, ought to ; that;
• 能 (néng) - can, be able to
• 会 (huì) - will, be able to
• 要 (yào) - want to, will
• 想 (xiǎng) - want to, would like to

应该是的 (Yīnggāi shì de): it should be

是 (shì)

to be

• Used for linking subjects with their descriptions or identifying one thing or

person as another.

有 (yǒu)

to have

• Indicates possession, existence, or presence.

被 (bèi)

passive voice marker

• Used to form passive sentences, where the focus is on the action rather than the

subject.

在 (zài)

to be at, to be in the process of

• Denotes location or ongoing action (similar to the English present continuous

tense).

正在 (zhèng zài)

in the middle of, currently

• Emphasizes that an action is happening at the moment of speaking.

会 (huì)

will, be able to

• Expresses future tense or the capability of doing something.

能 (néng)

can, be able to

• Indicates ability or permission in the present or future.

要 (yào)

will, want to

• Used to express intention, desire, or a future action.

得 (děi)

must, need to

• Indicates necessity or obligation.

正 (zhèng)

just, precisely

• Used to stress the exactness or correctness of an action.

曾 (céng)

once, previously

• Indicates a past action or state, often used in the context of something that happened before.

已 (yǐ)

already

• Marks the completion of an action, similar to the English "already."

他刚去。

• Tā gāng qù.
• He's just gone. (刚 gāng hard; just; solid; very recently;)

我不要去那那儿。

• Wǒ bùyào qù nà'r.
• I don't want to go there.

你想喝这个吗？

• Wǒ
• Do you wan to drink this?

请拿上这本书。

• qǐng ná shàng zhè běn shū.
• Please take a book. (Please take up this one book)

请给我…(qǐng gěi wǒ…)

• Please give me…

开门 (kāi mén)

• Open the door

我是一个老师。

• wǒ shì yī gè lǎo shī.
• I am a teacher.

每天我都做晚饭。

• měi tiān wǒ dōu zuò wǎn fàn.
• I cook dinner every day

我读了很多遍，还是看不懂。

• Wǒ dú le hěn duō biàn, hái shì kàn bù dǒng.
• I have read so many times and still do not understand.

你读了几篇文章？

• Nǐ dú le jǐ piān wén zhāng?
• How many articles did you read?

你读了今天的新闻吗？

• Nǐ dú le jīn tiān de xīn wén ma?
• Have you read the news today?

你的发音不正确。

• Nǐ de fǎ yīn bù zhèng què.
• Your pronunciation is not correct.

我这样发音对吗？

• Wǒ zhè yàng fā yīn duì ma?
• Did I pronounce it correctly this way?

看看能做到哪种程度

• Kàn kàn néng zuò dào nǎ zhǒng chéngdù)
• Let's see how far we can go
• 看看 see 能 able 做到 do up 哪 where 种 kind 程度 degree

还没用过chatgpt识图

• Hái méi yòngguò chatgpt shí tú
• I haven’t used chatgpt to recognize pictures.
• 还 Yet 没 not 用 use 过 particle - already … 识 recognize 图 pictures.

开始有学习的氛围了

• Kāishǐ yǒu xuéxí de fēnwéile
• I’m starting to feel like learning.
• 开始 begining have learn 的 of 氛围 atmosphere

你可以做第一个吃螃蟹的人

• Nǐ kěyǐ zuò dì yī gè chī pángxiè de rén
• You can be the first crab eater

我可以去吗？ (Wǒ kě yǐ qù ma?) - Can I go?

你应该好好休息。 (Nǐ yīng gāi hǎo hǎo xiū xí.) - You should rest well.

他能说汉语。 (Tā néng shuō hàn yǔ.) - He can speak Chinese.

我们会见面的。 (Wǒ men huì jiàn miàn de.) - We will meet.

学而不思则罔 思而不学则殆 where 学=积累工程经验 思=钻研程

• (Xué ér bù sī zé wǎng sī ér bù xué zé dài where xué =jīlěi gōngchéng jīngyàn sī =zuānyán chéng)
• If you learn without thinking, you will lose. If you think without learning, you will be in danger. Learning = Accumulating engineering experience. Thinking = Studying the process.

• 零/〇 líng 0 линг
• 一 yī 1 one - и
• 二 èr 2 two - ар
• 三 sān 3 three
• 四 sì 4 four - сы
• 五 wǔ 5 five - у
• 六 liù 6 six - лиоу
• 七 qī 7 seven - Ци or тьи
• 八 bā 8 eigth
• 九 jiǔ 9 nine - Цзю
• 十 shí 10 ten
• 百 bǎi 100 a hundred
• 千 qiān 1000 thousand - Цянь
• 二十 20
• 三十 30
• 十一 11
• 二十一 21
• 三十三 33

打 (Dǎ) - dozen